Apache POI工作簿

Apache POI工作簿

此处的术语“Workbook”指的Microsoft Excel文件。本章完成后，您将能够创建新的工作簿，并可以使用Java程序打开现有工作簿。

此处的术语“Workbook”指的Microsoft Excel文件。本章完成后，您将能够创建新的工作簿，并可以使用Java程序打开现有工作簿。

创建空白工作簿

下面简单的程序来创建一个空白Microsoft Excel工作簿。

import java.io.*;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.*;
public class CreateWorkBook 
{
   public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception 
   {
      //Create Blank workbook
      XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(); 
      //Create file system using specific name
      FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(
      new File("createworkbook.xlsx"));
      //write operation workbook using file out object 
      workbook.write(out);
      out.close();
      System.out.println("
      createworkbook.xlsx written successfully");
   }
}

让我们保存上面的Java代码为CreateWorkBook.java，然后编译并从命令提示符如下执行它：

$javac CreateWorkBook.java
$java CreateWorkBook

如果系统环境配置了POI 库，它会编译和执行，并生成一个名为createworkbook.xlsx 在当前目录下的空白Excel文件并显示在命令提示符处键入以下输出。

createworkbook.xlsx written successfully

打开现有工作簿

使用下面的代码打开现有的工作簿。

import java.io.*;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.*;
public class OpenWorkBook
{
   public static void main(String args[])throws Exception
   { 
      File file = new File("openworkbook.xlsx");
      FileInputStream fIP = new FileInputStream(file);
      //Get the workbook instance for XLSX file 
      XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(fIP);
      if(file.isFile() && file.exists())
      {
         System.out.println(
         "openworkbook.xlsx file open successfully.");
      }
      else
      {
         System.out.println(
         "Error to open openworkbook.xlsx file.");
      }
   }
}

保存上面的Java代码为OpenWorkBook.java，然后编译并从命令提示符如下执行它：

$javac OpenWorkBook.java
$java OpenWorkBook

这将编译和执行生成以下输出。

openworkbook.xlsx file open successfully.

打开工作簿后，可以进行读取，并在上面写操作。

Apache POI电子表格/Spreadsheet

本章将介绍如何创建一个电子表格，并使用Java操纵它。电子表格是在Excel文件中的页面;它包含具有特定名称的行和列。

读完本章后，将能够创建一个电子表格，并能在其上执行读取操作。

创建电子表格

首先，让我们创建一个使用在前面的章节中讨论的引用的类的电子表格。按照前面的章节中，首先创建一个工作簿，然后我们就可以去，并创建一个表。

下面的代码片段用于创建电子表格。

//Create Blank workbook
XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(); 
//Create a blank spreadsheet
XSSFSheet spreadsheet = workbook.createSheet("Sheet Name");

在电子表格的行

电子表格有一个网格布局。行和列被标识与特定的名称。该列标识字母和行用数字。

下面的代码片段用于创建一个行。

XSSFRow row = spreadsheet.createRow((short)1);

写入到电子表格

让我们考虑雇员数据的一个例子。这里的雇员数据给出以表格形式。

Emp Id	Emp Name	称号
Tp01	Gopal	Technical Manager
TP02	Manisha	Proof Reader
Tp03	Masthan	Technical Writer
Tp04	Satish	Technical Writer
Tp05	Krishna	Technical Writer

以下代码是用来写上述数据到电子表格。

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
public class Writesheet 
{
   public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception 
   {
      //Create blank workbook
      XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(); 
      //Create a blank sheet
      XSSFSheet spreadsheet = workbook.createSheet( 
      " Employee Info ");
      //Create row object
      XSSFRow row;
      //This data needs to be written (Object[])
      Map < String, Object[] > empinfo = 
      new TreeMap < String, Object[] >();
      empinfo.put( "1", new Object[] { 
      "EMP ID", "EMP NAME", "DESIGNATION" });
      empinfo.put( "2", new Object[] { 
      "tp01", "Gopal", "Technical Manager" });
      empinfo.put( "3", new Object[] { 
      "tp02", "Manisha", "Proof Reader" });
      empinfo.put( "4", new Object[] { 
      "tp03", "Masthan", "Technical Writer" });
      empinfo.put( "5", new Object[] { 
      "tp04", "Satish", "Technical Writer" });
      empinfo.put( "6", new Object[] { 
      "tp05", "Krishna", "Technical Writer" });
      //Iterate over data and write to sheet
      Set < String > keyid = empinfo.keySet();
      int rowid = 0;
      for (String key : keyid)
      {
         row = spreadsheet.createRow(rowid++);
         Object [] objectArr = empinfo.get(key);
         int cellid = 0;
         for (Object obj : objectArr)
         {
            Cell cell = row.createCell(cellid++);
            cell.setCellValue((String)obj);
         }
      }
      //Write the workbook in file system
      FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream( 
      new File("Writesheet.xlsx"));
      workbook.write(out);
      out.close();
      System.out.println( 
      "Writesheet.xlsx written successfully" );
   }
}

上面的Java代码保存为Writesheet.java，然后并在命令提示符下编译运行，如下所示：

$javac Writesheet.java
$java Writesheet

这将编译和执行来生成一个Excel文件名为Writesheet.xlsx在当前目录中，在命令提示符处键入以下输出。

Writesheet.xlsx written successfully

Writesheet.xlsx文件的内容如下所示。

从电子表格读取数据

让我们考虑上述excel文件命名Writesheet.xslx作为输入文件。注意下面的代码;它是用于从电子表格中读取数据。

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
public class Readsheet 
{
   static XSSFRow row;
   public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception 
   {
      FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(
      new File("WriteSheet.xlsx"));
      XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(fis);
      XSSFSheet spreadsheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
      Iterator < Row > rowIterator = spreadsheet.iterator();
      while (rowIterator.hasNext()) 
      {
         row = (XSSFRow) rowIterator.next();
         Iterator < Cell > cellIterator = row.cellIterator();
         while ( cellIterator.hasNext()) 
         {
            Cell cell = cellIterator.next();
            switch (cell.getCellType()) 
            {
               case Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:
               System.out.print( 
               cell.getNumericCellValue() + " \t\t " );
               break;
               case Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:
               System.out.print(
               cell.getStringCellValue() + " \t\t " );
               break;
            }
         }
         System.out.println();
      }
      fis.close();
   }
}

让我们把上面的代码保存在Readsheet.java文件，然后编译并在命令提示符下运行，如下所示：

$javac Readsheet.java
$java Readsheet

如果您的系统环境配置了POI库，它会编译和执行产生在命令提示符处键入以下输出。

EMP ID EMP NAME DESIGNATION 
 tp01   Gopal    Technical Manager 
 tp02   Manisha  Proof Reader 
 tp03   Masthan  Technical Writer 
 tp04   Satish   Technical Writer 
 tp05   Krishna  Technical Writer

Apache POI单元格/Cells

输入到电子表格中的任何数据总是存储在一个单元中。我们使用的行和列的标签来识别单元格。本章介绍了如何使用Java编程操纵单元电子表格的数据。

创建一个单元格

需要创建一个单元之前创建一个行。行是什么？只不过是单元的集合。

下面的代码片段用于创建一个单元格。

//create new workbook
XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(); 
//create spreadsheet with a name
XSSFSheet spreadsheet = workbook.createSheet("new sheet");
//create first row on a created spreadsheet
XSSFRow row = spreadsheet.createRow(0);
//create first cell on created row
XSSFCell cell = row.createCell(0);

单元格类型

单元格类型指定单元格是否可以包含字符串，数值，或公式。字符串单元不能持有数值和数值单元格无法容纳字符串。下面给出是单元格值和类型的语法。

单元格的值类型	类型语法
Blank cell value	XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK
Boolean cell value	XSSFCell.CELL.TYPE_BOOLEAN
Error cell value	XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR
Numeric cell value	XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC
String cell value	XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING

以下代码是用于在电子表格创建不同类型的单元格。

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.Date;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
public class TypesofCells 
{
   public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception 
   {
      XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(); 
      XSSFSheet spreadsheet = workbook.createSheet("cell types");
      XSSFRow row = spreadsheet.createRow((short) 2);
      row.createCell(0).setCellValue("Type of Cell");
      row.createCell(1).setCellValue("cell value");
      row = spreadsheet.createRow((short) 3);
      row.createCell(0).setCellValue("set cell type BLANK");
      row.createCell(1);
      row = spreadsheet.createRow((short) 4);
      row.createCell(0).setCellValue("set cell type BOOLEAN");
      row.createCell(1).setCellValue(true);
      row = spreadsheet.createRow((short) 5);
      row.createCell(0).setCellValue("set cell type ERROR");
      row.createCell(1).setCellValue(XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR );
      row = spreadsheet.createRow((short) 6);
      row.createCell(0).setCellValue("set cell type date");
      row.createCell(1).setCellValue(new Date());
      row = spreadsheet.createRow((short) 7);
      row.createCell(0).setCellValue("set cell type numeric" );
      row.createCell(1).setCellValue(20 );
      row = spreadsheet.createRow((short) 8);
      row.createCell(0).setCellValue("set cell type string");
      row.createCell(1).setCellValue("A String");
      FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(
      new File("typesofcells.xlsx"));
      workbook.write(out);
      out.close();
      System.out.println(
      "typesofcells.xlsx written successfully");
   }
}

保存上面的代码到一个名为TypesofCells.java文件，编译并从命令提示符如下执行它。

$javac TypesofCells.java
$java TypesofCells

如果您的系统配置了POI库，那么它会编译和执行在当前目录中生成一个名为typesofcells.xlsx的Excel文件，并显示以下输出。

typesofcells.xlsx written successfully

typesofcells.xlsx文件如下所示。

单元格样式

在这里，可以学习如何做单元格格式，并采用不同的风格，如合并相邻的单元格，添加边框，设置单元格对齐方式和填充颜色。

以下代码是使用Java编程用于不同样式应用到单元格。

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.IndexedColors;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
public class CellStyle 
{
   public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception 
   {
      XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(); 
      XSSFSheet spreadsheet = workbook.createSheet("cellstyle");
      XSSFRow row = spreadsheet.createRow((short) 1);
      row.setHeight((short) 800);
      XSSFCell cell = (XSSFCell) row.createCell((short) 1);
      cell.setCellValue("test of merging");
      //MEARGING CELLS 
      //this statement for merging cells
      spreadsheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(
      1, //first row (0-based)
      1, //last row (0-based)
      1, //first column (0-based)
      4 //last column (0-based)
      ));
      //CELL Alignment
      row = spreadsheet.createRow(5); 
      cell = (XSSFCell) row.createCell(0);
      row.setHeight((short) 800);
      // Top Left alignment 
      XSSFCellStyle style1 = workbook.createCellStyle();
      spreadsheet.setColumnWidth(0, 8000);
      style1.setAlignment(XSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_LEFT);
      style1.setVerticalAlignment(XSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_TOP);
      cell.setCellValue("Top Left");
      cell.setCellStyle(style1);
      row = spreadsheet.createRow(6); 
      cell = (XSSFCell) row.createCell(1);
      row.setHeight((short) 800);
      // Center Align Cell Contents 
      XSSFCellStyle style2 = workbook.createCellStyle();
      style2.setAlignment(XSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
      style2.setVerticalAlignment( 
      XSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
      cell.setCellValue("Center Aligned"); 
      cell.setCellStyle(style2);
      row = spreadsheet.createRow(7); 
      cell = (XSSFCell) row.createCell(2);
      row.setHeight((short) 800);
      // Bottom Right alignment 
      XSSFCellStyle style3 = workbook.createCellStyle();
      style3.setAlignment(XSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_RIGHT);
      style3.setVerticalAlignment( 
      XSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_BOTTOM);
      cell.setCellValue("Bottom Right");
      cell.setCellStyle(style3);
      row = spreadsheet.createRow(8);
      cell = (XSSFCell) row.createCell(3);
      // Justified Alignment 
      XSSFCellStyle style4 = workbook.createCellStyle();
      style4.setAlignment(XSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_JUSTIFY);
      style4.setVerticalAlignment(
      XSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_JUSTIFY);
      cell.setCellValue("Contents are Justified in Alignment"); 
      cell.setCellStyle(style4);
      //CELL BORDER
      row = spreadsheet.createRow((short) 10);
      row.setHeight((short) 800);
      cell = (XSSFCell) row.createCell((short) 1);
      cell.setCellValue("BORDER");
      XSSFCellStyle style5 = workbook.createCellStyle();
      style5.setBorderBottom(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THICK);
      style5.setBottomBorderColor(
      IndexedColors.BLUE.getIndex());
      style5.setBorderLeft(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_DOUBLE);
      style5.setLeftBorderColor( 
      IndexedColors.GREEN.getIndex());
      style5.setBorderRight(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_HAIR);
      style5.setRightBorderColor( 
      IndexedColors.RED.getIndex());
      style5.setBorderTop(XSSFCellStyle.BIG_SPOTS);
      style5.setTopBorderColor( 
      IndexedColors.CORAL.getIndex());
      cell.setCellStyle(style5);
      //Fill Colors
      //background color
      row = spreadsheet.createRow((short) 10 );
      cell = (XSSFCell) row.createCell((short) 1);
      XSSFCellStyle style6 = workbook.createCellStyle();
      style6.setFillBackgroundColor(
      HSSFColor.LEMON_CHIFFON.index );
      style6.setFillPattern(XSSFCellStyle.LESS_DOTS);
      style6.setAlignment(XSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_FILL);
      spreadsheet.setColumnWidth(1,8000);
      cell.setCellValue("FILL BACKGROUNG/FILL PATTERN");
      cell.setCellStyle(style6);
      //Foreground color
      row = spreadsheet.createRow((short) 12);
      cell = (XSSFCell) row.createCell((short) 1);
      XSSFCellStyle style7=workbook.createCellStyle();
      style7.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index);
      style7.setFillPattern( XSSFCellStyle.LESS_DOTS);
      style7.setAlignment(XSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_FILL);
      cell.setCellValue("FILL FOREGROUND/FILL PATTERN");
      cell.setCellStyle(style7);
      FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(
      new File("cellstyle.xlsx"));
      workbook.write(out);
      out.close();
      System.out.println("cellstyle.xlsx written successfully");
   }
}

保存上面的代码在一个名为CellStyle.java文件，编译并从命令提示符如下执行它。

$javac CellStyle.java
$java CellStyle

它会生成一个名为cellstyle.xlsx在当前目录中的Excel文件并显示以下输出。

cellstyle.xlsx written successfully

cellstyle.xlsx文件如下所示。

ell.setCellStyle(style7);
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(
new File(“cellstyle.xlsx”));
workbook.write(out);
out.close();
System.out.println(“cellstyle.xlsx written successfully”);
}
}

 	保存上面的代码在一个名为CellStyle.java文件，编译并从命令提示符如下执行它。

$javac CellStyle.java
$java CellStyle

 	它会生成一个名为cellstyle.xlsx在当前目录中的Excel文件并显示以下输出。

cellstyle.xlsx written successfully