5种不要求学历的神奇职业

 

来源：译言 - 编辑荐读 作者：庞冰心 发表时间：2011年07月06日 (2周前)

原作者：
来源5 Amazing Jobs That Don\'t Require Degrees
译者庞冰心

5 Amazing Jobs That Don't Require Degrees

5种不要求学历的神奇职业

 

What You Need To Know

你需要知道以下这些

Years of experience and familiarity with the profession are worth a lot more than formal training.

多年的工作经验以及对职业的熟悉程度远比正规培训重要得多。

Education tells employers what you have learned, but experience tells them what you can do.

学历向老板证明的是你学到的知识，而经验则证明了你的实际工作能力。

According to nationwide salary polls, the average pay for a criminal investigator is $65,000.

据国家薪酬调查，刑事侦查员的平均年薪为65,000美元。

"Those of us who went for an expensive university education may have been duped."

“我们中那些接受昂贵的大学教育的人可能已经被愚弄了。”

For those looking for work right now, a “good job” might be any job at all. The economy is still struggling to get back on its feet, and while those at university are worrying about how useful their degree will be in such a stunted, competitive job market, the newly laid off are considering heading back to school as a good investment and for a safe haven for the foreseeable future.

对于那些目前正在求职的人，任何工作都是一份“好工作”。经济仍在艰难地恢复，同时大学生们也在担忧自己的学位在这样一个发育不善却又竞争激烈的就业市场上作用有多大，最近的下岗人员正在考虑重返校园，为不久的将来找到安全的避风港做一份不错的投资。

In the long-fought duel between education and experience, it’s common for “experience” to get the short end of the stick. It seems that the (educated) population at large have decided that, yes, there are careers that demand little more than an ability to read and write, but you’re likely to get your hands dirty doing them. Why is it that when we think of jobs without college we always come up with titles like plumber, mechanic and fireman, but forget about great self-made men like Simon Cowell, Bill Gates and Frank Lloyd Wright?

在这场学历与经验的长期战斗中，倒霉的一般是“经验”。似乎大多数(学历)人群都已经注意到了，是的，是有一些职业除了要求读写能力，几乎没什么别的要求，但那些工作是体力活，你可能会又忙又累。为什么一想到不上大学就能做的工作，我们总会联想到如管道工、机修工还有消防员之类的头衔，而忘了那些靠自己力量成功的大人物，像西蒙.考威尔、比尔盖茨还有弗兰克.劳埃德.莱特呢？

Let’s just say it: Those of us who went for an expensive university education may have been duped. We often come out of the other end of the system with little more to show for it than a short resume and substantial debt. How is it that graduates are over-educated for the jobs they land and employers are complaining that there is a shortage of highly skilled labor?

我们就直说吧：那些接受昂贵的大学教育的人可能已经被愚弄了。从这个教育体制的另一端中走出来的我们，往往除了负债累累地带出一份简短的求职履历，就拿不出更多的了。毕业生接受过度教育来适应所求职业，而老板们却正在抱怨高级技术工人稀缺，这又作何解释呢？

A recent LinkedIn poll asked recruiters, “What do you value more: education or experience,” and the consensus was overwhelmingly on the side of hands-on practice. Recruiters feel that while some degrees may open doors, it’s experience that will land you the job. One respondent wrote, “I have found that colleges are teaching theory, and from a personal experience, theory only works in theory.”

近来一家人际关系网对招聘人员进行了调查，问他们“学历和经验，你更看重求职者的哪方面？”招聘者绝大多数一致赞成看重实践经验。他们认为某些学位可能会求职者打开大门，但是经验才是让你做好工作的法宝。一位接受调查者写道：“我发现目前的大学正在教授理论，从个人经验来讲，理论只有在理论中奏效。”

Another said: “As a hiring manager and the final decision-maker, I can only give you one gem of wisdom I've learned over the years: There is a reason why education and degrees are listed at the 'bottom' of the resume… A degree is just a piece of paper. It does not reflect on the candidate's ability to excel in the position… It does not mean you have the experience of learning from the school of hard knocks.”

还有一位写道：“作为一名招聘经理，最终的决策者，我只能给你们我多年来获得的智慧：这就是为什么学历和学位被列在求职简历的'末尾'…文凭只是一张纸，无法反映求职者擅长某职位的能力…并不表示你有在充满挫折打击的实践中学习的经历。”

So without further ado, here are five great jobs you can land without college.

因此，我们言归正传，下面列出5种你不必上大学也可以从事的职业。

Jobs Without College

没有大学文凭也能从事的职业

Journalist

新闻工作者

There’s no doubt that if you walk up to a newspaper with a master's degree in journalism but no published clippings you’ll be turned away in favor of the guy who was making coffee in the newsroom at 17 and worked his way up the food chain. Most successful media hounds have talent and determination, not a framed university certificate, so whether you’re dreaming of reporting as a war correspondent or cushy travel writer, skip the classroom and start befriending editors. Some of the world’s richest media moguls are college dropouts (Ted Turner was kicked out of Brown and Dreamworks founder David Geffen flunked out of two colleges) and the vast majority of award-winning editors, photographers, radio presenters, and producers have spent more hours in a newsroom than dollars on a degree.

如果你到报社应聘，纵然有新闻专业的硕士学位，却没有出版物，无疑会遭拒绝，但一个17岁就在新闻编辑部煮咖啡，依靠这条食物链奋发进取的孩子却能顺利进入新闻业。大多数的传媒业成功人士都有天赋和毅力，而不是框框的大学文凭，因此，不论你梦想成为一名战地记者还是轻松的履行作家，离开课堂开始协助编辑，向他们学习吧。一些全球最富有的传媒大亨们就是大学辍学者（泰德.特纳从布朗大学辍学，梦工厂的创办人大卫.格芬从两所大学退学）绝大多数的获奖编辑、摄影家、电台主持人以及制作人都把时间投进了新闻编辑部，而不是把金钱投在一个大学学位上。

Luxury Hotel Manager

豪华酒店经理

Sure, you may start out waiting tables, but because the hospitality industry is such a transient field, if you’re determined to make a career out of it, it won’t be long before you’re managing a boutique hotel. Experience here is everything. Hospitality is the art of making people feel welcome and comfortable while problem solving and innovating in order to stay ahead of the competition. Years of experience and familiarity with the profession are worth a lot more than formal training in most cases. One luxury resort manager says the common wisdom in the business is “hire for attitude, train for skill,” and although pay at the lower end of the scale may be a deterrent, bear in mind that the average U.S. salary for a hotel general manager is almost $150,000 per year.

当然，你刚开始可能会做服务生，不过由于酒店业就是这样一个瞬变的领域，如果你决心以此为职业，不久的将来你就可以经营一家精品酒店了。人们为了在竞争中保持领先地位而解决问题并开拓创新，酒店业就是一门让其在这个过程中感到受欢迎且舒适的艺术。在多数情况下，多年的工作经验以及对职业的熟悉程度远比正规培训重要的多。一位豪华度假村的经理说过，商界的普遍真理就是“聘用看态度，技能靠培训”，虽然行业最低薪酬对你可能是一种威慑，但要记住美国酒店总经理的年薪就约150,000美元。

IT Security Specialist

信息技术安全专员

Education tells an employer what you have learned, but experience tells them what you can do. Nowhere is this more relevant than in the fast-moving world of IT, where your work speaks for itself and Ivy League letters after your name are no match for your hacking abilities. When a business or organization has sensitive data that it wants to protect, they’re going for the guy with experience. You can go get a diploma in computer science, but if you’re already familiar with networking technologies and can take care of computer programming in your sleep, then all you need is familiarity with risk management, and you’re good to go. Pay for network/systems security administrators and data security analysts is six figures at the top end of the scale, and, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment of computer-security specialists is expected to grow faster than the average for all occupations through the year 2014. As a bonus, if you’re working in the right place you could end up doing cool day-to-day tasks like gathering data and evidence to help fight sophisticated cyber crime.

学历向老板证明了你学到的知识，但经验却证明了你的实际工作能力。这一点在快速发展的信息技术世界里体现最为明显，在这里，你的工作本身就证明了你的能力，若工作能力不足，即使你的名字后面附上常春藤盟校的推荐信，也无济于事。当企业或公司想保护保密资料，就会找有经验的人。你可以取得计算机科学专业文凭，但是如果你已经对网路技术了如指掌，在睡梦中也可以保护好计算机编程，那么仅需精通风险管理你就可以做好工作了。网络/系统安全管理员和数据安全分析师年薪最高已达六位数，据美国劳工统计局报告显示，预计2014年计算机安全专员的需求量增速将超过其他各行业的平均水平。作为一项额外津贴，如果你在合适的岗位上工作，最终做一些轻松的日常工作，如收集资料和证据就可以对抗复杂的网络犯罪。

Music Producer

音乐创作人

Musician is an obvious choice when it comes to jobs without college. But if you have Mozart’s ear for music and feel like you should be the one putting big projects together, then you’ll want to be sitting in the producer’s chair. Sound engineer producers will have to have practical skills, like soundboard and postproduction experience, but an executive producer just needs to know the business, have great instinct when it comes to new sounds and be friends with the right people. Salaries vary widely depending on success, but if nothing else, the lifestyle and benefits keep players in this game. Falling sales in the music industry may seem discouraging, but if you jump into the potential of online business and hit on the right act, you could still do pretty well for yourself.

说起不上大学也可以从事的职业，显然我们会想到音乐家。假如你有一对像莫扎特那样对音乐敏感的耳朵，感觉自己应该是完成巨作的人，那么你就会想坐上创作者的交椅。录音创作师要有实际技能，如音板与后期制作经验，但是执行制作人仅需懂行，听到新声音具备过人的本能并与业内的人友好相处即可。薪酬浮动范围较大，关键看成功与否，但最起码，这种生活方式和获得的收益得以让音乐人留在本行业。音乐销售额似乎很令人沮丧，但如果你进入网络音乐行，偶然发现合适的机会，你仍然可以为自己做得很好。

Criminal Investigator

刑事侦查员

Experience in the police force, knowledge of “the streets” and a good network of informants are all things that matter far more than a university degree when criminal-investigator positions open up. At the federal level (DA of FBI investigators, for example), higher education is usually preferred, but in some cases, law-enforcement agencies will place just as much emphasis on GPA (should be above 3.5), physical fitness, work experience, polygraph/psychological testing, knowledge of the law, knowledge of languages, and excellent communication skills. Your best bet is to start in the police force and get five years basic experience, then move up to investigations. Alternatively, you can always open your own private investigator business. If you’re good at what you do, word of mouth will keep you in business. According to nationwide salary polls, the average pay for a criminal investigator is $65,000, with top detectives netting over $100,000.

应聘刑事侦查员时，在警察机关的经验，关于“街头事件”的了解以及良好的告密者网络远比大学文凭重要的多。招聘联邦级别的侦查员（例如，美国联邦调查局的侦查员），通常看重较高的学历，而有时候，执法机关把高中生的平均成绩（应高于3.5）、健康状况、工作经验、测谎结果/心理测试、法律知识、语言知识以及熟练的沟通能力看得同等重要。最好的办法就是在警察机关起步，获得5年的基本经验，然后再到侦察机构工作。除此之外，你还可以开个人的私家侦探机构。如果你很擅长自己从事的工作，口头宣传会帮你做好业务。据全国薪酬调查报告显示，刑事侦查员的年薪平均为65,000美元，顶级侦探的净收入为100,000美元以上。