在JAVA中,一共有四种方法支持同步,其中三个是同步方法,一个是管道方法。
1.
方法
wait()/notify()
2.
方法await()/signal()
3.
阻塞队列方法BlockingQueue
4.
管道方法PipedInputStream/PipedOutputStream
下面我们看各个方法的实现:
1. 方法wait()/notify()
wait()和notify()是根类Object的两个方法,也就意味着所有的JAVA类都会具有这个两个方法,为什么会被这样设计呢?我们可以认为所有的对象默认都具有一个锁,虽然我们看不到,也没有办法直接操作,但它是存在的。
wait()方法表示:当缓冲区已满或空时,生产者或消费者线程停止自己的执行,放弃锁,使自己处于等待状态,让另一个线程开始执行;
notify()方法表示:当生产者或消费者对缓冲区放入或取出一个产品时,向另一个线程发出可执行通知,同时放弃锁,使自己处于等待状态。
下面是一个例子代码:
package thread;
import java.util.LinkedList;
public class ProducerConsumer {
private LinkedList<Object> storeHouse = new LinkedList<Object>();
private int MAX = 10;
public ProducerConsumer() {
}
public void start() {
new Producer().start();
new Comsumer().start();
}
class Producer extends Thread {
public void run() {
while (true) {
synchronized (storeHouse) {
try {
while (storeHouse.size() == MAX) {
System.out.println("storeHouse is full , please wait");
storeHouse.wait();
}
Object newOb = new Object();
if (storeHouse.add(newOb)) {
System.out.println("Producer put a Object to storeHouse");
Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 3000));
storeHouse.notify();
}
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
System.out.println("producer is interrupted!");
}
}
}
}
}
class Comsumer extends Thread {
public void run() {
while (true) {
synchronized (storeHouse) {
try {
while (storeHouse.size() == 0) {
System.out.println("storeHouse is empty , please wait");
storeHouse.wait();
}
storeHouse.removeLast();
System.out.println("Comsumer get a Object from storeHouse");
Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 3000));
storeHouse.notify();
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
System.out.println("Consumer is interrupted");
}
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ProducerConsumer pc = new ProducerConsumer();
pc.start();
}
}
2. 方法await()/signal()
在JDK5.0以后,JAVA提供了新的更加健壮的线程处理机制,包括了同步、锁定、线程池等等,它们可以实现更小粒度上的控制。await()和signal()就是其中用来做同步的两种方法,它们的功能基本上和wait()/notify()相同,完全可以取代它们,但是它们和新引入的锁定机制Lock直接挂钩,具有更大的灵活性。
下面是一个例子代码:
package thread;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class ProducerConsumer2 {
private LinkedList<Object> myList = new LinkedList<Object>();
private int MAX = 10;
private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private final Condition full = lock.newCondition();
private final Condition empty = lock.newCondition();
public ProducerConsumer2() {
}
public void start() {
new Producer().start();
new Consumer().start();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ProducerConsumer2 s2 = new ProducerConsumer2();
s2.start();
}
class Producer extends Thread {
public void run() {
while (true) {
lock.lock();
try {
while (myList.size() == MAX) {
System.out.println("warning: it's full!");
full.await();
}
Object o = new Object();
if (myList.add(o)) {
System.out.println("Producer: " + o);
empty.signal();
}
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
System.out.println("producer is interrupted!");
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
class Consumer extends Thread {
public void run() {
while (true) {
lock.lock();
try {
while (myList.size() == 0) {
System.out.println("warning: it's empty!");
empty.await();
}
Object o = myList.removeLast();
System.out.println("Consumer: " + o);
full.signal();
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
System.out.println("consumer is interrupted!");
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
}
3. 阻塞队列方法BlockingQueue
BlockingQueue也是JDK5.0的一部分,它是一个已经在内部实现了同步的队列,实现方式采用的是我们的第2种await()/signal()方法。它可以在生成对象时指定容量大小。
它用于阻塞操作的是put()和take()方法。
put()方法类似于我们上面的生产者线程,容量最大时,自动阻塞。
take()方法类似于我们上面的消费者线程,容量为0时,自动阻塞。
下面是一个例子代码:
package thread;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class ProducerConsumer3 {
// 建立一个阻塞队列
private LinkedBlockingQueue<Object> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Object>(10);
public ProducerConsumer3() {
}
public void start() {
new Producer().start();
new Consumer().start();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ProducerConsumer3 s3 = new ProducerConsumer3();
s3.start();
}
class Producer extends Thread {
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
Object o = new Object();
// 取出一个对象
queue.put(o);
System.out.println("Producer: " + o);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("producer is interrupted!");
}
}
}
}
class Consumer extends Thread {
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
// 取出一个对象
Object o = queue.take();
System.out.println("Consumer: " + o);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("producer is interrupted!");
}
}
}
}
}
4. 管道方法PipedInputStream/PipedOutputStream
这个类位于java.io包中,是解决同步问题的最简单的办法,一个线程将数据写入管道,另一个线程从管道读取数据,这样便构成了一种生产者/消费者的缓冲区编程模式。
package thread;
import java.io.*;
public class ProducerConsumer4{
private PipedOutputStream pos;
private PipedInputStream pis;
//private ObjectOutputStream oos;
//private ObjectInputStream ois;
public ProducerConsumer4(){
try{
pos = new PipedOutputStream();
pis = new PipedInputStream(pos);
//oos = new ObjectOutputStream(pos);
//ois = new ObjectInputStream(pis);
}catch(IOException e){
System.out.println(e);
}
}
public void start(){
new Producer().start();
new Consumer().start();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
ProducerConsumer4 s4 = new ProducerConsumer4();
s4.start();
}
class Producer extends Thread{
public void run(){
try{
while(true){
int b = (int) (Math.random() * 255);
System.out.println("Producer: a byte, the value is " + b);
pos.write(b);
pos.flush();
//Object o = new MyObject();
//oos.writeObject(o);
//oos.flush();
//System.out.println("Producer: " + o);
}
}catch(Exception e){
//System.out.println(e);
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try{
pos.close();
pis.close();
//oos.close();
//ois.close();
}catch(IOException e){
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
}
class Consumer extends Thread{
public void run(){
try{
while(true){
int b = pis.read();
System.out.println("Consumer: a byte, the value is " + String.valueOf(b));
//Object o = ois.readObject();
//if(o != null)
//System.out.println("Consumer: " + o);
}
}catch(Exception e){
//System.out.println(e);
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try{
pos.close();
pis.close();
//oos.close();
//ois.close();
}catch(IOException e){
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
}
//class MyObject implements Serializable {
//}
}