观察者模式

OO原则：封装变化，多用组合，少用继承。针对接口编程，不针对实现编程。为交互对象之间的松耦合设计而努力。松耦合设计更有弹性，更能应对变化。

观察者模式---在对象之间定义一对多的依赖，这样一来，当一个对象改变状态，依赖它的对象都会收到通知，并自动更新。

Java有多种观察者模式的实现，包括了通用的java.util.Observable。Swing大量使用观察者模式，许多GUI框架也是如此。此模式也被应用在许多地方，例如：JavaBeans、RMI。

在JDK中,并非只有在java.util中才能找到观察者模式,其实在JavaBeans和Swing中,也都实现了观察者模式。现在,你已经具备足够的能力来自行探索这些API,但是我们还是在此稍微提一个简单的Swing例子,让你感受一下其中的
乐趣。

让我们看看一个简单的SwingAAPI:JButton。如果你观察一下JButton的超类AbstractButton,会看到许多增加与删除倾听者(listener)的方法,这些方法可以让观察者感应到Swing组件的不同类型事件。比方说:ActionListener让你“倾
听”可能发生在按钮上的动作,例如按下按钮。你可以在Swing API中找到许多不同类型的倾听者。

一、目录结构

二、继承、实现关系图

三、代码

Subject.java

package observemode.interfac.subj;

import observemode.interfac.not_subj.Observer;

public interface Subject{
    public void registerObserver(Observer o);
    public void removeObserver(Observer o);
    public void notifyObserver();
}

Observer.java

package observemode.interfac.not_subj;

public interface Observer {
    public void update(float temp, float humitity, float pressure);
}

DispalyElement.java

package observemode.interfac.not_subj;

public interface DisplayElement {
    public void display();
}

WeatherData.java

package observemode.impl;

import observemode.interfac.not_subj.Observer;
import observemode.interfac.subj.Subject;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class WeatherData implements Subject {
    private ArrayList observers;
    private float temperature;
    private float pressure;
    private float humidity;

    public WeatherData(){
        observers = new ArrayList();
    }

    @Override
    public void registerObserver(Observer o) {
        observers.add(o);
    }

    @Override
    public void removeObserver(Observer o) {
        int i = observers.indexOf(o);
        observers.remove(i);
    }

    @Override
    public void notifyObserver() {
        for(int i = 0; i < observers.size(); i++){
            Observer observer = (Observer) observers.get(i);
            observer.update(this.temperature,this.humidity,this.pressure);
        }
    }

    public void measurementsChanged(){
        notifyObserver();
    }

    public void setMeasurements(float temperature,float humidity,float pressure){
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        this.pressure = pressure;
        this.measurementsChanged();
    }
}

CurrentConditionDisplay.java

package observemode.impl;

import observemode.interfac.not_subj.DisplayElement;
import observemode.interfac.not_subj.Observer;
import observemode.interfac.subj.Subject;

public class CurrentConditionsDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement {
    private float temperature;
    private float humidity;
    private Subject weatherData;

    public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Subject weatherData){
        this.weatherData = weatherData;
        weatherData.registerObserver(this);
    }
    @Override
    public void display() {
        System.out.println("current conditions: " + temperature + "F degrees and " + humidity + "% humidity");
    }

    @Override
    public void update(float temp, float humitity, float pressure) {
        this.temperature = temp;
        this.humidity = humitity;
        display();
    }
}

测试类

package observemode;

import observemode.impl.CurrentConditionsDisplay;
import observemode.impl.WeatherData;

public class WeatherStation {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();

        CurrentConditionsDisplay currentConditionsDisplay = new CurrentConditionsDisplay(weatherData);
        weatherData.setMeasurements(80,65,30.4f);
        weatherData.setMeasurements(82,70,29.2f);
        weatherData.setMeasurements(78,90,29.2f);
    }
}

四、运行

current conditions: 80.0F degrees and 65.0% humidity
current conditions: 82.0F degrees and 70.0% humidity
current conditions: 78.0F degrees and 90.0% humidity

Process finished with exit code 0