OO原则:封装变化,多用组合,少用继承。针对接口编程,不针对实现编程。为交互对象之间的松耦合设计而努力。松耦合设计更有弹性,更能应对变化。
观察者模式---在对象之间定义一对多的依赖,这样一来,当一个对象改变状态,依赖它的对象都会收到通知,并自动更新。
Java有多种观察者模式的实现,包括了通用的java.util.Observable。Swing大量使用观察者模式,许多GUI框架也是如此。此模式也被应用在许多地方,例如:JavaBeans、RMI。
在JDK中,并非只有在java.util中才能找到观察者模式,其实在JavaBeans和Swing中,也都实现了观察者模式。现在,你已经具备足够的能力来自行探索这些API,但是我们还是在此稍微提一个简单的Swing例子,让你感受一下其中的
乐趣。
让我们看看一个简单的SwingAAPI:JButton。如果你观察一下JButton的超类AbstractButton,会看到许多增加与删除倾听者(listener)的方法,这些方法可以让观察者感应到Swing组件的不同类型事件。比方说:ActionListener让你“倾
听”可能发生在按钮上的动作,例如按下按钮。你可以在Swing API中找到许多不同类型的倾听者。
一、目录结构
二、继承、实现关系图
三、代码
Subject.java
package observemode.interfac.subj;
import observemode.interfac.not_subj.Observer;
public interface Subject{
public void registerObserver(Observer o);
public void removeObserver(Observer o);
public void notifyObserver();
}
Observer.java
package observemode.interfac.not_subj;
public interface Observer {
public void update(float temp, float humitity, float pressure);
}
DispalyElement.java
package observemode.interfac.not_subj;
public interface DisplayElement {
public void display();
}
WeatherData.java
package observemode.impl;
import observemode.interfac.not_subj.Observer;
import observemode.interfac.subj.Subject;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class WeatherData implements Subject {
private ArrayList observers;
private float temperature;
private float pressure;
private float humidity;
public WeatherData(){
observers = new ArrayList();
}
@Override
public void registerObserver(Observer o) {
observers.add(o);
}
@Override
public void removeObserver(Observer o) {
int i = observers.indexOf(o);
observers.remove(i);
}
@Override
public void notifyObserver() {
for(int i = 0; i < observers.size(); i++){
Observer observer = (Observer) observers.get(i);
observer.update(this.temperature,this.humidity,this.pressure);
}
}
public void measurementsChanged(){
notifyObserver();
}
public void setMeasurements(float temperature,float humidity,float pressure){
this.temperature = temperature;
this.humidity = humidity;
this.pressure = pressure;
this.measurementsChanged();
}
}
CurrentConditionDisplay.java
package observemode.impl;
import observemode.interfac.not_subj.DisplayElement;
import observemode.interfac.not_subj.Observer;
import observemode.interfac.subj.Subject;
public class CurrentConditionsDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement {
private float temperature;
private float humidity;
private Subject weatherData;
public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Subject weatherData){
this.weatherData = weatherData;
weatherData.registerObserver(this);
}
@Override
public void display() {
System.out.println("current conditions: " + temperature + "F degrees and " + humidity + "% humidity");
}
@Override
public void update(float temp, float humitity, float pressure) {
this.temperature = temp;
this.humidity = humitity;
display();
}
}
测试类
package observemode;
import observemode.impl.CurrentConditionsDisplay;
import observemode.impl.WeatherData;
public class WeatherStation {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();
CurrentConditionsDisplay currentConditionsDisplay = new CurrentConditionsDisplay(weatherData);
weatherData.setMeasurements(80,65,30.4f);
weatherData.setMeasurements(82,70,29.2f);
weatherData.setMeasurements(78,90,29.2f);
}
}
四、运行
current conditions: 80.0F degrees and 65.0% humidity
current conditions: 82.0F degrees and 70.0% humidity
current conditions: 78.0F degrees and 90.0% humidity
Process finished with exit code 0