android主动进行NTP校时靠谱方案

一.需求背景

        我们都知道,如果主板电池没有电了,那么我们的系统时钟肯定是不准确的,对你的整个系统会有很大的影响,比如你获取当前时间戳,一定是获取的错误时间,这样的话,当你对接的一些平台,或者说调用的一些接口,他们如果做了时间验证之类的操作,那您调用的这些接口一定会返回失败。

        其实我们的系统本身就会自动做NTP校时,只不过我们也不知道系统用的NTP服务地址是什么,它稳定不稳定,靠谱不靠谱,而且系统自动触发NTP校时的间隔很长,我们设备的rom差不多要3-5分钟触发一次,时间也是随机的,有些时候单纯靠系统自动校时是不太靠谱的。

二.知识储备

        NTP:Network Time Protocol,网络时间协议

        NTP服务器一般情况是以UDP协议进行通信的

        原理:其实简单说来,你可以理解为请求一个接口,获取当前时间timeNow,在请求接口的时候记录一个时间time1,得到返回结果的时候再记录一个时间time2,将请求得到的时间timeNow+(time2-time1),说白了就是加上一个请求本身的耗时,计算出真实的当前时间。当然了,真实的NTP算法很复杂,这个不在这里讨论,有兴趣的朋友可以阅读源码来了解。

        我们可以通过shell命令查看系统使用的哪个NTP服务地址,当然能够查看就能够设置:

//查看系统NTP服务地址
settings get global ntp_server

//设置系统NTP服务地址
settings put global ntp_server ntp.aliyun.com

//设置系统时间
date '2024-11-11 02:00:00'

比较常见的NTP服务地址:

阿里NTP服务器:ntp.aliyun.com(阿里流弊!稳定可靠!)

中国科学院国家授时中心NTP服务器:ntp.ntsc.ac.cn(辣鸡,失败率太高)

节目中心NTP服务器:time.dfcc.org.cn(还行,主要是我们必须得首选人家的)

三.代码干货

首先就是搭建一个NTP请求框架,这个东西满世界都是轮子,别自己造了,直接用吧:

/**
 * @Author LiuQN
 * @Date 2024/10/29 19:06
 */
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.util.Log;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * Simple SNTP client class for retrieving network time.
 *
 * Sample usage:
 * <pre>SntpClient client = new SntpClient();
 * if (client.requestTime("time.foo.com")) {
 *     long now = client.getNtpTime() + SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - client.getNtpTimeReference();
 * }
 * </pre>
 */
public class SntpClient {
    private static final String TAG = "SntpClient";
    private static final boolean DBG = true;

    private static final int REFERENCE_TIME_OFFSET = 16;
    private static final int ORIGINATE_TIME_OFFSET = 24;
    private static final int RECEIVE_TIME_OFFSET = 32;
    private static final int TRANSMIT_TIME_OFFSET = 40;
    private static final int NTP_PACKET_SIZE = 48;

    private static final int NTP_PORT = 123;
    private static final int NTP_MODE_CLIENT = 3;
    private static final int NTP_MODE_SERVER = 4;
    private static final int NTP_MODE_BROADCAST = 5;
    private static final int NTP_VERSION = 3;

    private static final int NTP_LEAP_NOSYNC = 3;
    private static final int NTP_STRATUM_DEATH = 0;
    private static final int NTP_STRATUM_MAX = 15;

    // Number of seconds between Jan 1, 1900 and Jan 1, 1970
    // 70 years plus 17 leap days
    private static final long OFFSET_1900_TO_1970 = ((365L * 70L) + 17L) * 24L * 60L * 60L;

    // system time computed from NTP server response
    private long mNtpTime;

    // value of SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() corresponding to mNtpTime
    private long mNtpTimeReference;

    // round trip time in milliseconds
    private long mRoundTripTime;

    private static class InvalidServerReplyException extends Exception {
        public InvalidServerReplyException(String message) {
            super(message);
        }
    }

    public boolean host2Address(String host) {
        try {
            InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(host);
            if (address != null) {
                Log.d(TAG, "Server address: " + address.toString());
                return true;
            }
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            Log.e(TAG, "UnknownHost: " + host + " ,msg: " + e.getMessage());
            return false;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Sends an SNTP request to the given host and processes the response.
     *
     * @param host    host name of the server.
     * @param timeout network timeout in milliseconds.
     * @return true if the transaction was successful.
     */
    public boolean requestTime(String host, int timeout) {
        DatagramSocket socket = null;
        InetAddress address = null;
        try {
            address = InetAddress.getByName(host);
            socket = new DatagramSocket();
            socket.setSoTimeout(timeout);
            byte[] buffer = new byte[NTP_PACKET_SIZE];
            DatagramPacket request = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length, address, NTP_PORT);

            // set mode = 3 (client) and version = 3
            // mode is in low 3 bits of first byte
            // version is in bits 3-5 of first byte
            buffer[0] = NTP_MODE_CLIENT | (NTP_VERSION << 3);

            // get current time and write it to the request packet
            final long requestTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            final long requestTicks = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
            writeTimeStamp(buffer, TRANSMIT_TIME_OFFSET, requestTime);

            socket.send(request);

            // read the response
            DatagramPacket response = new DatagramPacket(buffer, buffer.length);
            socket.receive(response);
            final long responseTicks = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
            final long responseTime = requestTime + (responseTicks - requestTicks);

            // extract the results
            final byte leap = (byte) ((buffer[0] >> 6) & 0x3);
            final byte mode = (byte) (buffer[0] & 0x7);
            final int stratum = (int) (buffer[1] & 0xff);
            final long originateTime = readTimeStamp(buffer, ORIGINATE_TIME_OFFSET);
            final long receiveTime = readTimeStamp(buffer, RECEIVE_TIME_OFFSET);
            final long transmitTime = readTimeStamp(buffer, TRANSMIT_TIME_OFFSET);

            /* do sanity check according to RFC */
            // TODO: validate originateTime == requestTime.
            checkValidServerReply(leap, mode, stratum, transmitTime);

            long roundTripTime = responseTicks - requestTicks - (transmitTime - receiveTime);
            // receiveTime = originateTime + transit + skew
            // responseTime = transmitTime + transit - skew
            long clockOffset = ((receiveTime - originateTime) + (transmitTime - responseTime))/2;
            //             = ((originateTime + transit + skew - originateTime) +
            //                (transmitTime - (transmitTime + transit - skew)))/2
            //             = ((transit + skew) + (transmitTime - transmitTime - transit + skew))/2
            //             = (transit + skew - transit + skew)/2
            //             = (2 * skew)/2 = skew
            Log.d(TAG, "Request time form ntp server success, " + address.toString() + " ,roundTripTime: " + roundTripTime);
            if (DBG) {
                Log.d(TAG, "round trip: " + roundTripTime + "ms, " +
                        "clock offset: " + clockOffset + "ms");
            }

            // save our results - use the times on this side of the network latency
            // (response rather than request time)
            mNtpTime = responseTime + clockOffset;
            mNtpTimeReference = responseTicks;
            mRoundTripTime = roundTripTime;
        } catch (Exception e) {
//            if (DBG) {
//                Log.e(TAG, "Error address: " + address.toString());
//            }
            Log.e(TAG, "Request time from ntp server failed ,msg: " + e.getMessage());
            return false;
        } finally {
            if (socket != null) {
                socket.close();
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the time computed from the NTP transaction.
     *
     * @return time value computed from NTP server response.
     */
    public long getNtpTime() {
        return mNtpTime;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the reference clock value (value of SystemClock.elapsedRealtime())
     * corresponding to the NTP time.
     *
     * @return reference clock corresponding to the NTP time.
     */
    public long getNtpTimeReference() {
        return mNtpTimeReference;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the round trip time of the NTP transaction
     *
     * @return round trip time in milliseconds.
     */
    public long getRoundTripTime() {
        return mRoundTripTime;
    }

    private static void checkValidServerReply(
            byte leap, byte mode, int stratum, long transmitTime)
            throws InvalidServerReplyException {
        if (leap == NTP_LEAP_NOSYNC) {
            throw new InvalidServerReplyException("unsynchronized server");
        }
        if ((mode != NTP_MODE_SERVER) && (mode != NTP_MODE_BROADCAST)) {
            throw new InvalidServerReplyException("untrusted mode: " + mode);
        }
        if ((stratum == NTP_STRATUM_DEATH) || (stratum > NTP_STRATUM_MAX)) {
            throw new InvalidServerReplyException("untrusted stratum: " + stratum);
        }
        if (transmitTime == 0) {
            throw new InvalidServerReplyException("zero transmitTime");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Reads an unsigned 32 bit big endian number from the given offset in the buffer.
     */
    private long read32(byte[] buffer, int offset) {
        byte b0 = buffer[offset];
        byte b1 = buffer[offset + 1];
        byte b2 = buffer[offset + 2];
        byte b3 = buffer[offset + 3];

        // convert signed bytes to unsigned values
        int i0 = ((b0 & 0x80) == 0x80 ? (b0 & 0x7F) + 0x80 : b0);
        int i1 = ((b1 & 0x80) == 0x80 ? (b1 & 0x7F) + 0x80 : b1);
        int i2 = ((b2 & 0x80) == 0x80 ? (b2 & 0x7F) + 0x80 : b2);
        int i3 = ((b3 & 0x80) == 0x80 ? (b3 & 0x7F) + 0x80 : b3);

        return ((long) i0 << 24) + ((long) i1 << 16) + ((long) i2 << 8) + (long) i3;
    }

    /**
     * Reads the NTP time stamp at the given offset in the buffer and returns
     * it as a system time (milliseconds since January 1, 1970).
     */
    private long readTimeStamp(byte[] buffer, int offset) {
        long seconds = read32(buffer, offset);
        long fraction = read32(buffer, offset + 4);
        // Special case: zero means zero.
        if (seconds == 0 && fraction == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        return ((seconds - OFFSET_1900_TO_1970) * 1000) + ((fraction * 1000L) / 0x100000000L);
    }

    /**
     * Writes system time (milliseconds since January 1, 1970) as an NTP time stamp
     * at the given offset in the buffer.
     */
    private void writeTimeStamp(byte[] buffer, int offset, long time) {
        // Special case: zero means zero.
        if (time == 0) {
            Arrays.fill(buffer, offset, offset + 8, (byte) 0x00);
            return;
        }

        long seconds = time / 1000L;
        long milliseconds = time - seconds * 1000L;
        seconds += OFFSET_1900_TO_1970;

        // write seconds in big endian format
        buffer[offset++] = (byte) (seconds >> 24);
        buffer[offset++] = (byte) (seconds >> 16);
        buffer[offset++] = (byte) (seconds >> 8);
        buffer[offset++] = (byte) (seconds >> 0);

        long fraction = milliseconds * 0x100000000L / 1000L;
        // write fraction in big endian format
        buffer[offset++] = (byte) (fraction >> 24);
        buffer[offset++] = (byte) (fraction >> 16);
        buffer[offset++] = (byte) (fraction >> 8);
        // low order bits should be random data
        buffer[offset++] = (byte) (Math.random() * 255.0);
    }
}

直接抄下来直接用,好使的一批。

如何使用:

    public static final String ntp_ali_server = "ntp.aliyun.com";

    /
        //这段代码放到你需要掉用的地方
        SntpClient sntpClient = new SntpClient();
        try {
            if (sntpClient.requestTime(ntp_ali_server, 3000)) {
                long ntpTime = sntpClient.getNtpTime() + SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - sntpClient.getNtpTimeReference();
                String str = Utils.formatNtpTime(ntpTime);
                if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(str)) {
                    Utils.customCommand("date '" + str + "'");
                    return;
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    


   public static String formatNtpTime(long time) {
        return new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date(time));
    }

ok,至此,你可以随时随地的主动进行NTP时间校准了~

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