python 默认值设置并指定其类型

其实就是模仿强类型语言比如Java、C/C++声明变量类型加快编译的速度

class MyTest:
    name: str
    age: int

    def __init__(self, name: str = 'jjw', age: int = 18):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def test(self):
        print('name: ' + self.name + "\nage: " + str(self.age))


my_test = MyTest()
# 有默认值则使用默认值
my_test.test()
print('*'*50)
my_test = MyTest("张三", 19)
my_test.test()
print('*'*50)
my_test = MyTest(20, '李四')
my_test.test()

输出结果：

name: jjw
age: 18
**************************************************
name: 张三
age: 19
**************************************************
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/jjw/Desktop/后端项目/yolov5_v3/my_test.py", line 20, in <module>
    my_test.test()
  File "/Users/jjw/Desktop/后端项目/yolov5_v3/my_test.py", line 10, in test
    print('name: ' + self.name + "\nage: " + str(self.age))
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

从输出结果来看如果指定了类型，并且传错了变量的类型，则会直接报错