设计模式 --＞ 建造者模式

什么时候使用：当一类复杂对象的一些内部组件形式是不变的，而真正的组件却各不相同时，创建这类对象可以用建造者模式。

与工厂模式的区别：

• 工厂模式，只创建出来一个产品，不关心这个产品的内部细节，构造时通常传产品的参数，产生一个封装的对象，栗子.我要一个联想的ThinkPad；

• 建造者模式，也创建一个产品，但是还能制定好这个产品的内部细节，只要Director有这个工艺流程，构造时通常传产品内部的参数，产生一个灵活的对象。栗子.我要一个cpu是amd的，显卡是英伟达的，显示器是三星的电脑；

一种复杂的实现：

public class BuilderTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //new一个王师傅，干泥瓦匠的
        ProductBuilder productBuilder = new DefaultConcreteProductBuilder();
        //new一个包工头，把王师傅给他
        Director director = new Director(productBuilder);
        //面向包工头得到建好的房子
        Product product = director.getProduct("xxx", "xx", "x1", "x2", "x3");

        System.out.println(product);
    }
}

//（泥瓦匠工种）
interface ProductBuilder{
    void buildProductName(String productName);
    void buildCompanyName(String companyName);
    void buildPart1(String part1);
    void buildPart2(String part2);
    void buildPart3(String part3);

    Product build();
}

//可以有其他的建造者，来实现ProductBuilder接口（泥瓦匠王师傅）
class DefaultConcreteProductBuilder implements ProductBuilder{

    private String productName;
    private String companyName;
    private String part1;
    private String part2;
    private String part3;

    public void buildProductName(String productName) {
        this.productName = productName;
    }

    public void buildCompanyName(String companyName) {
        this.companyName = companyName;
    }

    public void buildPart1(String part1) {
        this.part1 = part1;
    }

    public void buildPart2(String part2) {
        this.part2 = part2;
    }

    public void buildPart3(String part3) {
        this.part3 = part3;
    }

    public Product build() {
        return new Product(this.productName,this.companyName,this.part1,this.part2,this.part3);
    }
}

//指导如何建造（工地领导）
class Director{
    //注入建造者，只要它实现了ProductBuilder接口
    private ProductBuilder builder;

    public Director(ProductBuilder builder) {
        this.builder = builder;
    }

    //建造对象
    public Product getProduct(String productName, String companyName, String part1, String part2, String part3){
        builder.buildProductName(productName);
        builder.buildCompanyName(companyName);
        builder.buildPart1(part1);
        builder.buildPart2(part2);
        builder.buildPart3(part3);

        Product product = builder.build();
        return product;
    }

}

//要创建的对象（工地建筑）
class Product{

    private String productName;
    private String companyName;
    private String part1;
    private String part2;
    private String part3;


    public Product(String productName, String companyName, String part1, String part2, String part3) {
        this.productName = productName;
        this.companyName = companyName;
        this.part1 = part1;
        this.part2 = part2;
        this.part3 = part3;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Product{" +
                "productName='" + productName + '\'' +
                ", companyName='" + companyName + '\'' +
                ", part1='" + part1 + '\'' +
                ", part2='" + part2 + '\'' +
                ", part3='" + part3 + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

一种简单的实现：

public class BuilderTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Product product = new Product.Builder().productName("xxx").companyName("xx").part1("x").build();
        System.out.println(product);
    }
}

//产品类
class Product{
    //除了直接建造产品本身，还可以建造不同产品的顺序list。此时要定义一个接口，不同的item实现这个接口，再用一个list保存这些item
    //这是一种赋值后固定不变的产品，当然也可以不指定为final
    private final String productName;
    private final String companyName;
    private final String part1;
    private final String part2;
    private final String part3;


    public Product(String productName, String companyName, String part1, String part2, String part3) {
        this.productName = productName;
        this.companyName = companyName;
        this.part1 = part1;
        this.part2 = part2;
        this.part3 = part3;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Product{" +
                "productName='" + productName + '\'' +
                ", companyName='" + companyName + '\'' +
                ", part1='" + part1 + '\'' +
                ", part2='" + part2 + '\'' +
                ", part3='" + part3 + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    //产品内部静态类，用于建造产品
    static class Builder{
        //与产品属性保持一致
        private String productName;
        private String companyName;
        private String part1;
        private String part2;
        private String part3;

        public Builder productName(String productName){
            this.productName = productName;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder companyName(String companyName) {
            this.companyName = companyName;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder part1(String part1) {
            this.part1 = part1;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder part2(String part2) {
            this.part2 = part2;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder part3(String part3) {
            this.part3 = part3;
            return this;
        }

        //建造产品方法
        Product build(){
            //这里可以加校验产品代码
            Product product = new Product(this.productName, this.companyName, this.part1, this.part2, this.part3);
            return product;
        }
    }
}

应用场景

StringBuilder;

Accessors注解