C# 读写ini文件操作

在C#应用程序中，常将INI文件作为配置文件，用于存储应用程序的设置和参数。

一、INI文件结构

INI文件结构简单，由节（Sections）和键值对（Key-Value Pairs）组成。每个节由方括号包围，例如[SectionName]，而键值对则是以等号=分隔的字符串，例如Key=Value。每个节都包含一个或多个键值对，用于存储相关的配置信息。
INI文件示例：

[AmplifierForm] 
ResInitialize=0.5,0.7,0.5,0.6,0.6

[OffSignalForm] 
ResInitialize=0.5,0.7,0.5,0.6,0.6
ResColl=1.3,1.5

该示例中有两个节：AmplifierForm、OffSignalForm，每个节下都有一些键值对，用于存储配置信息。

二、读取INI文件中的数据

C#命名空间中没有直接读写INI的类，但在"kernel32.dll"文件中有Win32的API函数–WritePrivateProfileString()和GetPrivateProfileString()，可操作ini文件。

静态操作使用类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace FileOperationsDemo
{
    public class ReadWriteINI
    {
        #region API函数声明

        /// <summary>
        /// 写入ini文件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="section">节点名称</param>
        /// <param name="key">键</param>
        /// <param name="val">值</param>
        /// <param name="filePath">ini路径</param>
        /// <returns>0失败/其他成功</returns>
        [DllImport("kernel32")]
        private static extern long WritePrivateProfileString(string section, string key, string val, string filePath);
        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="section">节点名称，[]内的段落名</param>
        /// <param name="key">键</param>
        /// <param name="def">值(未读取到数据时设置的默认返回值)</param>
        /// 对应API函数的def参数，它的值由用户指定，是当在配置文件中没有找到具体的Value时，就用def的值来代替。可以为空
        /// <param name="retVal">读取到的结果值</param>
        /// <param name="size">读取缓冲区大小</param>
        /// <param name="filePath">ini配置文件的路径加ini文件名</param>
        /// <returns>读取到的字节数量</returns>
        [DllImport("kernel32")]
        private static extern int GetPrivateProfileString(string section, string key, string def, StringBuilder retVal, int size, string filePath);
        #endregion

        /// <summary>
        /// 写INI,添加新节点、键值，及编辑修改键对应的值
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="in_filename">ini配置文件的路径加ini文件名</param>
        /// <param name="Section">节点名称，[]内的段落名</param>
        /// <param name="Key">键</param>
        /// <param name="Value">值</param>
        public static bool IniFile_SetVal(string in_filename, string Section, string Key, string Value)
        {
            if (File.Exists(in_filename))
            {
                // 调用winapi函数将Key=Value写入Section节点下
                long len = WritePrivateProfileString(Section, Key, Value, in_filename);
                if (len == 0)
                {
                    return false;
                }
                else
                {
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                return true;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 读ini
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="in_filename">ini配置文件的路径加ini文件名</param>
        /// <param name="Section">节点名称，[]内的段落名</param>
        /// <param name="Key">键</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string IniFile_GetVal(string in_filename, string Section, string Key)
        {
            if (File.Exists(in_filename))
            {
                // 声明接收的数据
                StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(1024);
                // 调用winapi函数读取Section节点下Key的值
                int len = GetPrivateProfileString(Section, Key, "", builder, 1024, in_filename);
                if (len == 0)
                    return "1";
                else
                    return (builder.ToString());
            }
            else
                return string.Empty;
        }
    }
}

操作示例

        /// <summary>
        /// 读取ini文件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string pathName = Application.StartupPath + "\\config\\ResOriginal.ini";
            string resStarter = ReadWriteINI.IniFile_GetVal(pathName, "SelfCheckFace", "ResInitialize");
            string[] resInitLine = resStarter.Split(',');
            for (int ii = 0; ii < resInitLine.Length; ii++)
            {
                richTextBox2.AppendText(resInitLine[ii] + "\n");
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 写入ini文件，新建或编辑
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string pathName = Application.StartupPath + "\\config\\ResOriginal.ini";
            ReadWriteINI.IniFile_SetVal(pathName, "SelfCheckFace", "ResInitialize", "1,2,3,4,5");
            
            string[] resInitLine = richTextBox2.Lines;
            string tempWrite = string.Join(",", resInitLine);
            tempWrite=tempWrite.Remove(tempWrite.Length-1);
            ReadWriteINI.IniFile_SetVal(pathName, "SelfCheckF", "ResInitialize", tempWrite);
        }