【Linux系统KVM虚拟机实战】LVM逻辑卷之扩展Swap交换分区

江湖有缘

已于 2024-02-20 13:36:43 修改

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分类专栏： Linux 文章标签： linux bash 运维 swap

于 2023-02-22 18:57:58 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/jks212454/article/details/129166994

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一、Swap介绍

Swap是Linux系统中的一种虚拟内存技术，它允许将一部分硬盘空间用作内存扩展，用于暂时存储不常用的数据。当系统的物理内存（RAM）不足时，操作系统会将一部分内存中的数据移动到Swap分区中，以释放RAM供其他进程使用。Swap分区通常是一个独立的分区，也可以是一个文件。它的大小可以根据系统需要进行调整，但一般建议设置为物理内存的两倍。Swap分区的使用是透明的，对应用程序和用户来说是无感知的。

二、本次实践介绍

1. 环境规划

hostname	IP地址	操作系统版本	角色
server	192.168.3.158	centos7.6	宿主机
server001	192.168.3.157	centos7.6	KVM虚拟机

2.实践介绍

1.本次实践为个人测试环境，生产环境请谨慎；
2.本次实践为KVM虚拟机扩展Swap交换分区大小。

三、检查本地系统环境

1.检查系统版本

[root@server001 ~]# cat /etc/os-release 
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"

CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"

2.检查系统内核

[root@server001 ~]# uname -r 
3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64

四、检查本地磁盘状态

1.检查swap大小

[root@server001 ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1837        1340          97           2         399         291
Swap:          2047        1046        1001

2.检查物理磁盘分区

使用lsblk命令检查磁盘分区情况

[root@server001 ~]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0              11:0    1  4.3G  0 rom  
vda             252:0    0  150G  0 disk 
├─vda1          252:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─vda2          252:2    0  149G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos-home 253:2    0   97G  0 lvm  /home

3.查看PV状态

[root@server001 ~]# pvdisplay 
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/vda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <149.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes 
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              38143
  Free PE               1
  Allocated PE          38142
  PV UUID               kZK4n1-OQbf-7uSQ-f0QI-PwfF-W8bh-zDQPNY

4.查看VG卷组状态

[root@server001 ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                3
  Open LV               3
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <149.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              38143
  Alloc PE / Size       38142 / 148.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       1 / 4.00 MiB
  VG UUID               nxeB2C-4fW1-HijW-n2Bi-P1pN-p2Cv-rvjYZ4

5.查看LVM逻辑卷状态

[root@server001 ~]# lvdisplay 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                71m8Iu-dxW6-dGiV-jnkC-ZCQn-BEAA-Yqnf3O
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time kvm01, 2022-11-15 00:58:26 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                2.00 GiB
  Current LE             512
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/home
  LV Name                home
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                Of3kcY-tc4y-tyx5-VuBh-d7F7-10Zk-qZFHOE
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time kvm01, 2022-11-15 00:58:26 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                96.99 GiB
  Current LE             24830
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:2
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                hawN56-mPFc-5dPA-NB72-sHYR-hwyF-okC1DL
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time kvm01, 2022-11-15 00:58:27 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                50.00 GiB
  Current LE             12800
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0

五、给KVM虚拟机新增硬盘

1.查看虚拟机列表

给KVM虚拟机新增硬盘操作，都在宿主机上进行操作。

[root@server ~]# virsh list --all
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 7     kvm01                          running
 -     ikuai                          shut off
 -     KVM-qunhui                     shut off

2.关闭KVM虚拟机

[root@server ~]# virsh shutdown kvm01
Domain kvm01 is being shutdown

3.查看KVM虚拟机磁盘位置

[root@server ~]#  virsh dumpxml kvm01 |grep file
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <source file='/nas/kvm/centos7.img'/>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <source file='/storage/kvm/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1810.iso'/>

4.创建磁盘文件

[root@server ~]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 /nas/kvm/swap.qcow2 20G
Formatting '/nas/kvm/swap.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size=21474836480 encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off

5.给虚拟机新增硬盘

给虚拟机新增硬盘，配置永久生效。

[root@server ~]# virsh attach-disk kvm01 /nas/kvm/swap.qcow2  vdb --subdriver=qcow2  --config
Disk attached successfully

6.再次查看虚拟机磁盘信息


[root@server ~]#  virsh dumpxml kvm01 |grep file
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <source file='/nas/kvm/centos7.img'/>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <source file='/nas/kvm/swap.qcow2'/>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <source file='/storage/kvm/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1810.iso'/>

7.KVM虚拟机开机

[root@server ~]# virsh start kvm01
Domain kvm01 started

六、关闭当前swap分区

1.清理系统内存占用程序

关闭交换分区（swapoff）前，请确保剩余内存空间大于等于已使用的交换分区空间。关闭交换分区后，交换分区的内容会释放到内存中。如果内存剩余空间不足，可能会导致报错：swapoff failed: Cannot allocate memory。确保物理内存剩余充足后，我们可以查看内存状态。

[root@server001 ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1837         156        1113           1         567        1493
Swap:          2047          46        2001

2.关闭swap

[root@server001 ~]# swapoff /dev/mapper/centos-swap 
[root@server001 ~]# swapon -s

3.再次查看内存状态

[root@server001 ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1837         177        1081           8         578        1465
Swap:             0           0           0

七、扩展swap分区大小

1.查看系统硬盘情况

[root@server001 ~]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0              11:0    1  4.3G  0 rom  
vda             252:0    0  150G  0 disk 
├─vda1          252:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─vda2          252:2    0  149G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  
  └─centos-home 253:2    0   97G  0 lvm  /home
vdb             252:16   0   20G  0 disk

2.扩展卷组

[root@server001 ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb
  Physical volume "/dev/vdb" successfully created.
[root@server001 ~]# vgextend centos /dev/vdb
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended

3.扩展swap逻辑卷

扩展逻辑卷，增加6G大小空间。

[root@server001 ~]#  lvextend -L +6G /dev/centos/swap 
  Size of logical volume centos/swap changed from 2.00 GiB (512 extents) to 8.00 GiB (2048 extents).
  Logical volume centos/swap successfully resized.

4.格式化分区

[root@server001 ~]# mkswap /dev/centos/swap 
mkswap: /dev/centos/swap: warning: wiping old swap signature.
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 8388604 KiB
no label, UUID=82c55c8a-0b9c-4b57-82dc-570354fb90d3

5.启动swap分区

 swapon /dev/mapper/centos-swap

6.查看swap状态

[root@server001 ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1837        1509          62          10         265         122
Swap:          8191           1        8190