docker-compose

—docker-compose简介

docker-compose是Docker公司官方开源项目，主要对单机容器的快速编排，docker-compose将所管理的容器分为三层：

1. project 默认为当前目录
2. service 通过service名称管理容器
3. container 容器

—docker-compose版本

1. docker-compose v1.xx 版本为python写的版本
2. docker-compose v2.xx 版本为go写的版本

—docker-compose的安装

docker-compose安装包可在github上下载

root@ubuntu-3:~# mkdir -p docker-compose
root@ubuntu-3:~# cd docker-compose
root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose# wget https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.12.2/docker-compose-linux-x86_64
root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose# chmod a+x docker-compose-linux-x86_64
root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose# cp docker-compose-linux-x86_64 /usr/bin/docker-compose
root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose# docker-compose --version
Docker Compose version v2.12.2

–help 查看docker-compose的帮助文档

root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose# docker-compose --help

Usage:  docker compose [OPTIONS] COMMAND

Docker Compose

Options:
      --ansi string                Control when to print ANSI control characters ("never"|"always"|"auto") (default "auto")
      --compatibility              Run compose in backward compatibility mode
      --env-file string            Specify an alternate environment file.
  -f, --file stringArray           Compose configuration files
      --profile stringArray        Specify a profile to enable
      --project-directory string   Specify an alternate working directory
                                   (default: the path of the, first specified, Compose file)
  -p, --project-name string        Project name

Commands:
  build       Build or rebuild services
  convert     Converts the compose file to platform's canonical format
  cp          Copy files/folders between a service container and the local filesystem
  create      Creates containers for a service.
  down        Stop and remove containers, networks
  events      Receive real time events from containers.
  exec        Execute a command in a running container.
  images      List images used by the created containers
  kill        Force stop service containers.
  logs        View output from containers
  ls          List running compose projects
  pause       Pause services
  port        Print the public port for a port binding.
  ps          List containers
  pull        Pull service images
  push        Push service images
  restart     Restart service containers
  rm          Removes stopped service containers
  run         Run a one-off command on a service.
  start       Start services
  stop        Stop services
  top         Display the running processes
  unpause     Unpause services
  up          Create and start containers
  version     Show the Docker Compose version information

Run 'docker compose COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

新建一个project-1 新建docker-compose.yml文件

root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose# mkdir -p project-1
root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose# cd project-1/
root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose/project-1# cat docker-compose.yml 
version: '3.6'
services:
  nginx-server:  #服务的名称
    image: nginx:alpine  #服务使用的镜像
    networks:  #服务使用的网络
      - front
    expose:  #容器暴露的端口
      - 80
    ports:  #宿主机映射端口 8080为宿主映射端口
      - "8080:80"
networks:  #定义docker-compose使用的网络
  front:
    driver: bridge

使用up命令创建并启动容器

root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose/project-1# docker-compose up -d
root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose/project-1# curl localhost:8080 -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.21.5
Date: Fri, 11 Nov 2022 03:44:27 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 615
Last-Modified: Tue, 28 Dec 2021 18:48:00 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "61cb5be0-267"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

docker-compose常用命令示例

查看当前project-1工程services

root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose/project-1# docker-compose ps --services
nginx-server

查看当前project-1工程的容器

root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose/project-1# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                   NAMES
10c5b916bfc5   nginx:alpine   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   22 minutes ago   Up 22 minutes   0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp   project-1_nginx-server_1

停止容器

root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose/project-1# docker-compose stop
Stopping project-1_nginx-server_1 ... done

启动容器并在后台运行

root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose/project-1# docker-compose up -d
Starting project-1_nginx-server_1 ... done

停止并删除容器和网络

root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose/project-1# docker-compose down
Stopping project-1_nginx-server_1 ... done
Removing project-1_nginx-server_1 ... done
Removing network project-1_front

查看日志 log后面的nginx-server为service名称

root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose/project-1# docker-compose logs --tail=10 nginx-server
Attaching to project-1_nginx-server_1
nginx-server_1  | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
nginx-server_1  | /docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
nginx-server_1  | 2022/11/11 03:49:38 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
nginx-server_1  | 2022/11/11 03:49:38 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.21.5
nginx-server_1  | 2022/11/11 03:49:38 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 10.3.1 20211027 (Alpine 10.3.1_git20211027) 
nginx-server_1  | 2022/11/11 03:49:38 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 5.15.0-52-generic
nginx-server_1  | 2022/11/11 03:49:38 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
nginx-server_1  | 2022/11/11 03:49:38 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
nginx-server_1  | 2022/11/11 03:49:38 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 24
nginx-server_1  | 2022/11/11 03:49:38 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 25

docker-compose 单机编排nginx+tomcat示例

root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose/project-1# cat docker-compose.yml 
version: '3.6'
services:
  nginx-server:  #服务的名称
    image: nginx:alpine  #服务使用的镜像
    networks:  #服务使用的网络
      - front
      - backend
    expose:  #容器暴露的端口
      - 80
    ports:  #宿主机映射端口 8080为宿主映射端口
      - "8080:80"
    links:  #服务依赖
      - tomcat-server
    healthcheck:  #健康检查
      test: ['CMD', 'curl', '-f', 'tomcat-server:8080']
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 3
      start_period: 20s
  tomcat-server:
    image: tomcat:alpine
    networks:
      - backend
    expose:
      - 8080
    deploy: 
      resources:  #资源限制
        limits:
          cpus: '1'
          memory: 512M
        reservations:
          cpus: '1'
          memory: 512M
networks:  #定义docker-compose使用的网络
  front:
    driver: bridge
  backend:
    driver: bridge

启动容器并查看的相关信息 WARNING信息可以忽略，yml的版本不同，有些不支持reservation

root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose/project-1# docker-compose up -d
root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose/project-1# docker-compose ps -a
WARNING: The following deploy sub-keys are not supported and have been ignored: resources.reservations.cpus
          Name                         Command                  State                      Ports                
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
project-1_nginx-server_1    /docker-entrypoint.sh ngin ...   Up (healthy)   0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp,:::8080->80/tcp
project-1_tomcat-server_1   catalina.sh run                  Up             8080/tcp

实现nginx代理tomcat 因为是在容器里面修改，重启容器后，修改会丢失。可以自己写dockerfile制作修改好的nginx镜像。

root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose/project-1# curl localhost:8080 | grep "Apache"
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   615  100   615    0     0  59929      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 61500
root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose/project-1# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS                   PORTS                                   NAMES
8b398a6d12b2   nginx:alpine    "/docker-entrypoint.…"   3 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes (healthy)   0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp   project-1_nginx-server_1
abd57a19dcb7   tomcat:alpine   "catalina.sh run"        3 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes             8080/tcp                                project-1_tomcat-server_1
root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose/project-1# docker exec -it 8b398a6d12b2 sh
/ # cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf | grep -i -C3 "8080" | grep -v "#"
    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
        proxy_pass http://tomcat-server:8080;
    }
/ # nginx -s reload
2022/11/11 04:52:05 [notice] 839#839: signal process started
/ # exit
root@ubuntu-3:~/docker-compose/project-1# curl localhost:8080 | grep "Apache"
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100 11184    0 11184    0     0  1969k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 2184k
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