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Java finally 的用法,看这一篇就够了
finally的用法说明
概述
通常finally和try同用,下面会介绍finally的一般用法、什么时候回执行finally,什么时候不会执行finally,什么时候有返回值,什么时候没有返回值。通过一些例子来和大家共同分享一下。
什么是finally
一般try关键字之后可以定义finally代码块,这块代码通常会在try语句和catch语句之后,方法结束之前执行。
通常无论有没有异常finally语句都会执行。
finally用法
1、简单的finally示例
public class FinallyDemo {
private void finallyTest(){
try {
System.out.println("try 代码块!");
throw new Exception();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("catch 代码块!");
} finally {
System.out.println("finally 代码块!");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
FinallyDemo demo = new FinallyDemo();
demo.finallyTest();
}
}
输出结果:
try 代码块!
catch 代码块!
finally 代码块!
Process finished with exit code 0
总结:
通常finally语句会在try和catch之后正常执行
2. 不带catch的finally语句
public class FinallyDemo {
private void finallyTest(){
try {
System.out.println("try 代码块!");
} finally {
System.out.println("finally 代码块!");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
FinallyDemo demo = new FinallyDemo();
demo.finallyTest();
}
}
输出结果:
try 代码块!
finally 代码块!
总结:
有没有异常处理器catch对finally执行没有影响
3. finally使用场景
finally代码块通常都会执行,一般可以在finally代码块中执行一些数据库关闭、文件流关闭、释放线程资源等用途场景
finally的执行机制
1. 没有异常
public class FinallyDemo {
private void finallyTest(){
try {
System.out.println("try 代码块!");
} finally {
System.out.println("finally 代码块!");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
FinallyDemo demo = new FinallyDemo();
demo.finallyTest();
}
}
输出结果
try 代码块!
finally 代码块!
2、有异常无异常处理器
// jdk低版本可以正常执行,高版本没有catch语句会报错
try {
System.out.println("Inside try");
throw new Exception();
} finally {
System.out.println("Inside finally");
}
以下是jdk8版本会直接报错
总结
高版本对于有异常无异常处理器的代码块会报错
3.有异常处理器
public class FinallyDemo {
private void finallyTest(){
try {
System.out.println("try 代码块!");
throw new Exception();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("catch 代码块!");
} finally {
System.out.println("finally 代码块!");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
FinallyDemo demo = new FinallyDemo();
demo.finallyTest();
}
}
输出结果:
try 代码块!
catch 代码块!
finally 代码块!
4. try代码块有返回值
public class FinallyDemo {
private String finallyTest(){
try {
System.out.println("try 代码块!");
return "try!";
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("catch 代码块!");
} finally {
System.out.println("finally 代码块!");
}
return "end";
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
FinallyDemo demo = new FinallyDemo();
demo.finallyTest();
}
}
输出结果:
try 代码块!
finally 代码块!
总结:
try中有返回值不会影响finally的正常执行
5. catch中有返回值
public class FinallyDemo {
private String finallyTest(){
try {
System.out.println("try 代码块!");
throw new Exception();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("catch 代码块!");
return "try!";
} finally {
System.out.println("finally 代码块!");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
FinallyDemo demo = new FinallyDemo();
demo.finallyTest();
}
}
返回结果:
try 代码块!
catch 代码块!
finally 代码块!
总结:
catch中的返回值也不会影响finally的正常执行
finally不执行的场景
虽然通常情况下编写finally语句块是为了让这部分代码一定执行,但某些情况下finally语句是不会被执行的
比如程序被中断,那么finally肯定不会被执行,类似的其它场景也是如此
1.调用System.exit()函数
public class FinallyDemo {
private void finallyTest(){
try {
System.out.println("try 代码块!");
System.exit(0);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("catch 代码块!");
} finally {
System.out.println("finally 代码块!");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
FinallyDemo demo = new FinallyDemo();
demo.finallyTest();
}
}
执行结果:
try 代码块!
调用halt 函数
public class FinallyDemo {
private void finallyTest(){
try {
System.out.println("try 代码块!");
Runtime.getRuntime().halt(0);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("catch 代码块!");
} finally {
System.out.println("finally 代码块!");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
FinallyDemo demo = new FinallyDemo();
demo.finallyTest();
}
}
输出结果:
try 代码块!
Process finished with exit code 0
总结:
程序退出都会导致finally语句不被执行
System.exit()函数会等线程执行完成后退出程序,会做一些资源回收等后续动作。
halt函数则只会立刻退出程序,不会等待线程执行完成,也不会做资源回收等后续处理动作
3.守护线程
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* Finally shoud be always run ?
*/
public class DaemonsDontRunFinally {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t = new Thread(new ADaemon());
t.setDaemon(true);
t.start();
}
}
class ADaemon implements Runnable {
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println("start ADaemon...");
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Exiting via InterruptedException");
} finally {
System.out.println("This shoud be always run ?");
}
}
}
总结:
如果守护线程刚开始执行到 finally 代码块,此时没有任何其他非守护线程,那么虚拟机将退出,此时 JVM 不会等待守护线程的 finally 代码块执行完成。
4. try无线循环
try {
System.out.println("Inside try");
while (true) {
}
} finally {
System.out.println("Inside finally");
}
总结:
Try 代码块出现无限循环,且不出现异常,finally 也将永远得不到执行
场景陷阱
1、 如果finally语句中有返回值则,则会忽略try中的返回值
public class FinallyDemo {
private String finallyTest(){
try {
System.out.println("try 代码块!");
return "try";
//throw new Exception();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("catch 代码块!");
} finally {
System.out.println("finally 代码块!");
return "end";
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
FinallyDemo demo = new FinallyDemo();
String ret = demo.finallyTest();
System.out.println(ret);
}
}
输出结果:
try 代码块!
finally 代码块!
end
总结:
无论是否有异常处理器,finally中的return一定会被执行,而且会覆盖try中的return值
2、如果finally中有exception抛出,无论try中返回任何值,都只会返回finally中的异常值
public class FinallyDemo {
private String finallyTest() throws Exception {
try {
System.out.println("try 代码块!");
return "try";
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("catch 代码块!");
} finally {
System.out.println("finally 代码块!");
throw new Exception();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
FinallyDemo demo = new FinallyDemo();
String ret = demo.finallyTest();
System.out.println(ret);
}
}
输出结果:
try 代码块!
finally 代码块!
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.Exception
at com.example.demo.tool.demo.FinallyDemo.finallyTest(FinallyDemo.java:23)
at com.example.demo.tool.demo.FinallyDemo.main(FinallyDemo.java:30)
Process finished with exit code 1
总结
以上就是关于finally的场景分析,尤其对于finally中有返回值又会影响到try返回结果的场景要重点关注