JUC-java并发编程-并发工具类-StampedLock

JUC

stampedLock

java.util.concurrent.locks.StampedLock

该类自JDK8加入，是为了进一步优化读性能，它的特点是在使用读锁、写锁时都必须配合【戳】使用

加解读锁

    stamp = lock.readLock();
    lock.unlockRead(stamp);

加解写锁

	long stamp = lock.writeLock();
    lock.unlockWrite(stamp);

乐观读，StampedLock支持tryOptimisticRead()方法（乐观读），读取完毕后需要做一次“戳校验”如果校验通过，表示这期间确实没有写操作，数据可以安全使用，如果校验没有通过，需要重新获取读锁（进行锁的升级），保证数据安全。

//获取读锁的戳
long stamp = lock.tryOptimisticRead();
//判断戳是否改变了
if(!lock.validate(stamp)){
    //锁升级
}

StampedLock的使用

/**
 * @author jiangl
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2021/4/15 10:15
 */
@Slf4j(topic = "jl.com.jl.juc.stamplock.StampLockTest")
public class StampLockTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DataContainerStamped dataContainerStamped = new DataContainerStamped(111);
        new Thread(()->{
            int read = dataContainerStamped.read(1000);
            log.info("get data:{}",read);
        },"t1").start();
        try {
            Thread.sleep(500);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        new Thread(()->{
            dataContainerStamped.write(1);
        },"t2").start();

    }
}

@Slf4j(topic = "c.com.jl.juc.stamplock.DataContainerStamped")
class DataContainerStamped{
    private int data;
    private final StampedLock lock = new StampedLock();

    public DataContainerStamped(int data) {
        this.data = data;
    }

    public int read(int readTime){
        //获取读锁的戳
        long stamp = lock.tryOptimisticRead();
        log.info("optimistic read locking...{}",stamp);
        try {
            Thread.sleep(readTime);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //判断戳是否改变了
        if(lock.validate(stamp)){
            //没有改变则内容未被其他线程修改，则正常获取数据，正常返回
            log.info("read finish...{}",stamp);
            return data;
        }
        //戳被改变了，进行读锁的升级
        log.info("updating to read lock...{}",stamp);
        try {
            //获取读锁
            stamp = lock.readLock();
            log.info("read lock {}",stamp);
            try {
                Thread.sleep(readTime);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            log.info("read finish...{}",stamp);
            return data;
        } finally {
            lock.unlockRead(stamp);
        }

    }

    public void write(int newData){
        long stamp = lock.writeLock();
        log.info("write lock {}",stamp);
        try {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            this.data = newData;
        } finally {
            log.info("write unlock {}",stamp);
            lock.unlockWrite(stamp);
        }

    }
}

结果

13:40:33.293 [t1] INFO c.com.jl.juc.stamplock.DataContainerStamped - optimistic read locking…256
13:40:33.794 [t2] INFO c.com.jl.juc.stamplock.DataContainerStamped - write lock 384
13:40:34.310 [t1] INFO c.com.jl.juc.stamplock.DataContainerStamped - updating to read lock…256
13:40:35.807 [t2] INFO c.com.jl.juc.stamplock.DataContainerStamped - write unlock 384
13:40:35.807 [t1] INFO c.com.jl.juc.stamplock.DataContainerStamped - read lock 513
13:40:36.816 [t1] INFO c.com.jl.juc.stamplock.DataContainerStamped - read finish…513
13:40:36.816 [t1] INFO jl.com.jl.juc.stamplock.StampLockTest - get data:1

步骤解析：

1.首先t1线程启动，调用read()方法

2.read()方法中调用lock.tryOptimisticRead()获取乐观锁，获取到戳stamp，打印optimistic read locking…256

3.然后进入Thread.sleep(readTime),线程进入阻塞

4.经过0.5秒后，t2线程启动，t2线程调用write()方法。

5.write()方法中，调用lock.writeLock()获取写锁（乐观读和写锁不互斥），获取成功并返回戳stamp，打印write lock 384

6.然后t2线程进入Thread.sleep(2000)阻塞

7.经过1秒后t1线程被唤醒，继续执行，read()方法中通过调用lock.validate(stamp)进行校验戳(如果此时锁没有被其他线程获取写锁则返回成功)。此时由于t2已经获取了写锁，所以此时llock.validate(stamp)返回失败

8.t1线程进入获取读锁流程（锁升级），t1线程调用lock.readLock()方法获取写锁，由于t2线程写锁还没有释放，此时t1线程获取写锁失败进入阻塞。

9.经过2秒后t2线程被唤醒，执行后续代码，将属性data改为newData,然后释放写锁，释放锁的过程会唤醒等待队列里的阻塞线程（t1由于获取读锁失败进入等待队列，这里将t1唤醒）。

10. t1被唤醒后，获得到了读锁，执行后续流程，返回data值，最后释放读锁

注意：
StampedLock不支持条件变量

StampedLock不支持可重入