ServletContext

1.ServletContext

ServletContext是Java Web应用程序中的一个接口，它提供了与Web应用程序相关的信息和方法。

ServletContext是在Web应用程序启动时由Web服务器创建的，它代表整个Web应用程序。

在Servlet中，可以通过getServletContext()方法获取ServletContext对象，从而访问与Web应用程序相关的信息和方法。

2.ServletContext用于共享数据

一个Web应用程序中的多个Servlet都可以读写ServletContext，所以ServletContext可以用于共享数据。相当于是一个ServletContext对应多个Servlet，第一个Servlet在ServletContext中保存了数据，第二个Servlet可以从ServletContext中读取。

第一个Servlet在ServletContext中保存了数据：

package com.study.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = getServletContext();
        String username = "一棵树";
        context.setAttribute("username", username);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

第二个Servlet可以从ServletContext中读取：

package com.study.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = getServletContext();
        String username = (String)context.getAttribute("username");

        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.print("I am " + username);
    }


    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

配置web.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">

<servlet>
  <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>com.study.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>getname</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.study.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>getname</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/getname</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>




</web-app>

先访问/hello, 在访问/getname，这样可以读取到属性的值：

 

3.ServletContext用于获得初始化参数

 可以在web.xml里配置context的参数

<context-param>
  <param-name>url</param-name>
  <param-value>http://localhost</param-value>
</context-param>

然后用ServletContext获取这些初始化参数

package com.study.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ParamServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String param = getServletContext().getInitParameter("url");
        resp.getWriter().print(param);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

4.ServletContext用于请求转发

请求转发就是当前Servlet将请求转发给另一个Servlet，体现在浏览器中就是会显示另一个Servlet的内容，但是浏览器的地址栏显示的路径不变，还是原先的Servlet的路径。

这意味着用户并没有直接访问第二个Servlet，一直访问的是第一个Servlet。

package com.study.servlet;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class DispatcherServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = getServletContext();
        RequestDispatcher dispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/print");
        dispatcher.forward(req,resp);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

结果：

 

5.ServletContext用于读取资源文件

读取recource下的资源文件，例如*.properties。

运行项目后会被打包到classes下。

因为读取文件时要写相对路径，很容易写成/classes/web.properties。

但用这个路径是读不到的，要用：

/WEB-INF/classes/web.properties

至于IDEA为什么把显示项目结构时把WEB-INF省略了，我也不是很理解

package com.study.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class ReadServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        InputStream inputStream = getServletContext().getResourceAsStream(

          "/WEB-INF/classes/web.properties"
        );
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(inputStream);
        String name = properties.getProperty("name");
        String gender = properties.getProperty("gender");
        resp.getWriter().print(name + " is " + gender);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }
}