Python操作mysql

本文只讲解python如何对mysql进行增删改查操作。

python 操作mysql 一般需要依赖 MySQLdb 库,如果未安装，则需要根据自己的系统环境去安装相应的MySQLdb 版本。

MySQLdb 是用于Python链接Mysql数据库的接口，它实现了 Python 数据库 API 规范 V2.0，基于 MySQL C API 上建立的。

一、 创建连接

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import MySQLdb

# 打开数据库连接
db = MySQLdb.connect("localhost","testuser","test123","TESTDB",charset="utf8" )

# 使用cursor()方法获取操作游标 
cursor = db.cursor()

# 使用execute方法执行SQL语句
cursor.execute("SELECT VERSION()")

# 使用 fetchone() 方法获取一条数据库。
data = cursor.fetchone()

print "Database version : %s " % data

# 关闭数据库连接
db.close()

二、 增删改查操作示例

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#python operate mysql database
import MySQLdb

#数据库名称
DATABASE_NAME = ''
#host = 'localhost' or '172.0.0.1'
HOST = ''
#端口号
PORT = ''
#用户名称
USER_NAME = ''
#数据库密码
PASSWORD = ''
#数据库编码
CHAR_SET = ''

#初始化参数
def init():
    global DATABASE_NAME
    DATABASE_NAME = 'test'
    global HOST
    HOST = 'localhost'
    global PORT
    PORT = '3306'
    global USER_NAME
    USER_NAME = 'root'
    global PASSWORD
    PASSWORD = 'root'
    global CHAR_SET
    CHAR_SET = 'utf8'

#获取数据库连接
def get_conn():
    init()
    return MySQLdb.connect(host = HOST, user = USER_NAME, passwd = PASSWORD, db = DATABASE_NAME, charset = CHAR_SET)

#获取cursor
def get_cursor(conn):
    return conn.cursor()

#关闭连接
def conn_close(conn):
    if conn != None:
        conn.close()

#关闭cursor
def cursor_close(cursor):
    if cursor != None:
        cursor.close()

#关闭所有
def close(cursor, conn):
    cursor_close(cursor)
    conn_close(conn)

#创建表
def create_table():
    sql = '''
    CREATE TABLE `student` (
    `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
    `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
    `age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    UNIQUE KEY `name` (`name`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
    '''
    conn = get_conn()
    cursor = get_cursor(conn)
    result = cursor.execute(sql)
    conn.commit()
    close(cursor, conn)
    return result

#查询表信息
def query_table(table_name):
    if table_name != '':
        sql = 'select * from ' + table_name
        conn = get_conn()
        cursor = get_cursor(conn)
        result = cursor.execute(sql)
        for row in cursor.fetchall():
            print(row)
            #for r in row:      #循环每一条数据
                #print(r)
        close(cursor, conn)
    else:
        print('table name is empty!')

#插入数据
def insert_table():
    sql = 'insert into student(id, name, age) values(%s, %s, %s)'
    params = ('1', 'Hongten_a', '21')
    conn = get_conn()
    cursor = get_cursor(conn)
    result = cursor.execute(sql, params)
    conn.commit()
    close(cursor, conn)
    return result

#更新数据
def update_table():
    sql = 'update student set name = %s where id = 1'
    params = ('HONGTEN')
    conn = get_conn()
    cursor = get_cursor(conn)
    result = cursor.execute(sql, params)
    conn.commit()
    close(cursor, conn)
    return result

#删除数据
def delete_data():
    sql = 'delete from student where id = %s'
    params = ('1')
    conn = get_conn()
    cursor = get_cursor(conn)
    result = cursor.execute(sql, params)
    conn.commit()
    close(cursor, conn)
    return result

#数据库连接信息  
def print_info():
    print('数据库连接信息:' + DATABASE_NAME + HOST + PORT + USER_NAME + PASSWORD + CHAR_SET)

#打印出数据库中表情况
def show_databases():
    sql = 'show databases'
    conn = get_conn()
    cursor = get_cursor(conn)
    result = cursor.execute(sql)
    for row in cursor.fetchall():
        print(row)

#数据库中表情况
def show_tables():
    sql = 'show tables'
    conn = get_conn()
    cursor = get_cursor(conn)
    result = cursor.execute(sql)
    for row in cursor.fetchall():
        print(row)


def main():
    show_tables()
    #创建表
    result = create_table()
    print(result)
    #查询表
    query_table('student')
    #插入数据
    print(insert_table())
    print('插入数据后....')
    query_table('student')
    #更新数据
    print(update_table())
    print('更新数据后....')
    query_table('student')
    #删除数据
    delete_data()
    print('删除数据后....')
    query_table('student')
    print_info()
    #数据库中表情况
    show_tables()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

引用：http://www.runoob.com/python/python-mysql.html
http://www.pythontab.com/html/2013/pythonjichu_0813/538.html