Android中广播的基本使用

接受系统广播

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动态注册

在Java代码中指定IntentFilter，然后想监听什么广播就添加对应的Action。动态注册的广播，一定要调用unregisterReceiver()方法取消注册。

下面用动态注册监听网络变化

在AndroidManifest.xml中添加权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />

• 1

Activity的Java代码：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private IntentFilter intentFilter;
    private NetworkChangeReceiver networkChangeReceiver;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        //动态接受网络变化的广播接收器
        intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");

        networkChangeReceiver = new NetworkChangeReceiver();
        registerReceiver(networkChangeReceiver, intentFilter);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();

        //取消动态网络变化广播接收器的注册
        unregisterReceiver(networkChangeReceiver);
    }


    //自定义接受网络变化的广播接收器
    class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            ConnectivityManager connectionManager = (ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
            NetworkInfo networkInfo = connectionManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();

            if (networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isAvailable()) {
                Toast.makeText(context, "network is available", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(context, "network is unavailable", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }
}

• 静态注册

动态注册需要程序启动之后才能接收广播，静态广播就弥补了这个短板。在AndroidManifest中指定IntentReceiver就可以在程序未启动的情况下接收到广播

下面用静态注册接受开机广播

新建一个广播接收器

public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "received in MyBroadcastReceiver", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

• 在AndroidManifest.xml中添加权限、注册广播接收器和添加Action

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.broadcasttest">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

        <receiver
            android:name=".BootCompleteReceiver"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
    </application>
</manifest>

• 发送广播

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发送标准广播

接收器的Java代码：

public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "received in MyBroadcastReceiver", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

• 接收器的注册代码：

<receiver
        android:name=".MyBroadcastReceiver"
        android:enabled="true"
        android:exported="true">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST" />
        </intent-filter>
</receiver>

• Activity的Java代码

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private Button button;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); 

        //发送自定义广播
        button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.MY_BROADCAST");
                sendBroadcast(intent);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();

        //取消动态网络变化广播接收器的注册
        unregisterReceiver(networkChangeReceiver);
    } 
}

• 发送有序广播

发送有序广播的方法：

sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);

设置广播接收器的先后顺序，在AndroidManifest.xml中receiver的intent-filter的priority属性，优先级可选值：-1000~1000

android:priority="100"

使用本地广播

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主要是用LocalBroadcastManager来对广播进行管理，提供了发送广播和注册广播接收器的方法如下：

• LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance()获得实例
• ~.registerReceiver()注册广播
• ~.sendBroadcast()发送广播
• ~.unregisterReceiver()取消广播

注意事项：

• 本地广播无法通过静态注册来接收，相比系统全局广播更加高效
• 在广播中启动活动需要添加FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK的标记
• 在广播中弹出AlertDialog需要添加TYPE_SYSTEM_ALERT

Java代码：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private IntentFilter intentFilter;
    private LocalReceiver localReceiver;
    private LocalBroadcastManager localBroadcastManager;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        //得到本地广播管理器的实例
        localBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);

        //动态注册本地广播接收器
        intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("com.example.broadcasttest.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
        localReceiver = new LocalReceiver();
        localBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(localReceiver, intentFilter);

        //发送本地广播
        Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.broadcasttest.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
                localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();

        //取消动态网络变化广播接收器的注册
        localBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(localReceiver);
    }


    class LocalReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            Toast.makeText(context, "received local broadcast", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}