python代码测试的两种思路

说明：第一种思路（使用Assertions进行测试）和第二种思路（使用Doctests进行测试）中的前2种方式，其测试结果都是通过 IDE：pycharm2020.3.4 x64输出的；第二种思路中的第3种方式是通过命令行进行测试，其测试结果是从git bash中截取的。本次测试使用的电脑为windows10系统

一、使用Assertions进行测试

代码：

def sum_naturals(n):
    """return the sum of the first n natural numbers"""
    total, k = 0, 1
    while k <= n:
        total, k = total+k, k+1
    return total

def sum_naturals_test():
    assert sum_naturals(5) == 15, "sum of the first 5 natural numbers should be 15"
    assert sum_naturals(10) == 55, "sum of the first 10 natural numbers should be 55"
    assert sum_naturals(100) == 5050, "sum of the first 100 natural numbers should be 5050"

sum_naturals_test()

（1）如果测试过程中出现错误，如测试“sum_naturals(5) == 15”时出现错误，则会提示：AssertionError: sum of th