Docker基础命令操作
Docker镜像生命周期
1、镜像操作
1.1 镜像搜索（默认搜索官方仓库）【镜像名需指定】
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12996 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4981 [OK]
phpmyadmin phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M… 596 [OK]
percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 583 [OK]
bitnami/mysql Bitnami MySQL Docker Image 72 [OK]
linuxserver/mysql-workbench 41
linuxserver/mysql A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe… 37
ubuntu/mysql MySQL open source fast, stable, multi-thread… 36
circleci/mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 26
google/mysql MySQL server for Google Compute Engine 21 [OK]
rapidfort/mysql RapidFort optimized, hardened image for MySQL 13
bitnami/mysqld-exporter 3
ibmcom/mysql-s390x Docker image for mysql-s390x 2
newrelic/mysql-plugin New Relic Plugin for monitoring MySQL databa… 1 [OK]
vitess/mysqlctld vitess/mysqlctld 1 [OK]
hashicorp/mysql-portworx-demo 0
docksal/mysql MySQL service images for Docksal - https://d… 0
mirantis/mysql 0
cimg/mysql 0
drud/mysql 0
silintl/mysql-backup-restore Simple docker image to perform mysql backups… 0 [OK]
corpusops/mysql https://github.com/corpusops/docker-images/ 0
drud/mysql-local-57 ddev mysql local container 0
drud/mysql-docker-local-57 This repo has been deprecated, new tags are … 0
drud/mysql-docker-local docker containers for local womysql rk 0 [OK]
对应参数
1.2 镜像拉取
//镜像名末尾什么都不加，默认拉取最新版本
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete
99da31dd6142: Pull complete
626033c43d70: Pull complete
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete
ac563158d721: Pull complete
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete
1c04857f594f: Pull complete
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete
e0431212d27d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest
//可以看到末尾写有latest表示最新版本
指定版本
//docker pull mysql:版本
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker pull mysql:8.0.30
8.0.30: Pulling from library/mysql
32c1bf40aba1: Pull complete
3ac22f3a638d: Pull complete
b1e7273ed05e: Pull complete
20be45a0c6ab: Pull complete
410a229693ff: Pull complete
1ce71e3a9b88: Pull complete
c93c823af05b: Pull complete
c6752c4d09c7: Pull complete
d7f2cfe3efcb: Pull complete
916f32cb0394: Pull complete
0d62a5f9a14f: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:ce2ae3bd3e9f001435c4671cf073d1d5ae55d138b16927268474fc54ba09ed79
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:8.0.30
docker.io/library/mysql:8.0.30
//可以看到末尾写有8.0.30表示版本号
1.3 镜像查看
方式一：
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 8.0.30 7b94cda7ffc7 6 days ago 446MB
mysql latest 3218b38490ce 7 months ago 516MB
方式二：
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 8.0.30 7b94cda7ffc7 6 days ago 446MB
mysql latest 3218b38490ce 7 months ago 516MB
1.4 镜像删除
方法一：
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker image rm mysql
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709
Deleted: sha256:3218b38490cec8d31976a40b92e09d61377359eab878db49f025e5d464367f3b
Deleted: sha256:aa81ca46575069829fe1b3c654d9e8feb43b4373932159fe2cad1ac13524a2f5
Deleted: sha256:0558823b9fbe967ea6d7174999be3cc9250b3423036370dc1a6888168cbd224d
Deleted: sha256:a46013db1d31231a0e1bac7eeda5ad4786dea0b1773927b45f92ea352a6d7ff9
Deleted: sha256:af161a47bb22852e9e3caf39f1dcd590b64bb8fae54315f9c2e7dc35b025e4e3
Deleted: sha256:feff1495e6982a7e91edc59b96ea74fd80e03674d92c7ec8a502b417268822ff
Deleted: sha256:8805862fcb6ef9deb32d4218e9e6377f35fb351a8be7abafdf1da358b2b287ba
Deleted: sha256:872d2f24c4c64a6795e86958fde075a273c35c82815f0a5025cce41edfef50c7
Deleted: sha256:6fdb3143b79e1be7181d32748dd9d4a845056dfe16ee4c827410e0edef5ad3da
Deleted: sha256:b0527c827c82a8f8f37f706fcb86c420819bb7d707a8de7b664b9ca491c96838
Deleted: sha256:75147f61f29796d6528486d8b1f9fb5d122709ea35620f8ffcea0e0ad2ab0cd0
Deleted: sha256:2938c71ddf01643685879bf182b626f0a53b1356138ef73c40496182e84548aa
Deleted: sha256:ad6b69b549193f81b039a1d478bc896f6e460c77c1849a4374ab95f9a3d2cea2
方法二：
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker rmi mysql:8.0.30
Untagged: mysql:8.0.30
Untagged: mysql@sha256:ce2ae3bd3e9f001435c4671cf073d1d5ae55d138b16927268474fc54ba09ed79
Deleted: sha256:7b94cda7ffc7c59b01668e63f48e0f4ee3d16b427cc0b846193b65db671e9fa2
Deleted: sha256:5941a477484b80a594761cb828f993b574a1ac2cd741300503209752f7790466
Deleted: sha256:dd778772db51bcd70db26f7b9ae996220eb337721328090a409d1ab7919fb887
Deleted: sha256:e94a7bdbca441b8d897023017cf70bdc1ba7bf8233f8da4800bb6e4ed49f14f6
Deleted: sha256:d7d110459a2ceb8a080a2bd7264c66d9cc8699242aa320d1b9cdcde872c050a3
Deleted: sha256:6e4a1a78cee71e12fce86c8610f0c8802144714b4673b7cc6878c5a23b58d134
Deleted: sha256:38dc91f8c75eb2f05ad01169fdbfab02602dc250f2731322692eac67c9b41f71
Deleted: sha256:5aa021ed35bcc6afdb63ce3a80bbe9f8995d168ed138cd83cc33dc7ec9ea6ee1
Deleted: sha256:10a7f83cd06f6add8176d92056feea4efd45165367e5ba6fd5077c79468b6fe4
Deleted: sha256:775289ef4a1150bcf8ccf7947134a092ef6d23fc78ab89f8f9feff7226768f40
Deleted: sha256:a4470052a15f553513f12f02c1e52c811280ef56463a6774dcbd5ffd47a07045
Deleted: sha256:cf4db719a36940c70d724cd9eaa2fccaf1f0174ba863ebb40f428eaf13da76cc
查看镜像情况
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
//可以看到两个MySQL镜像均不存在
1.5 镜像导出
方法一：
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker save busybox:latest > docker-busybox-test1.tar.gz
方法二：
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker save busybox:latest -o docker-busybox-test2.tar.gz
参数解释
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker save --help
Usage: docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
Options:
-o, --output string Write to a file, instead of STDOUT
-o 输出字符串
查看导出情况
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# ll
total 2872
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1468416 Aug 10 14:12 docker-busybox-test1.tar.gz
-rw------- 1 root root 1468416 Aug 10 14:12 docker-busybox-test2.tar.gz
//可以看到均已存在
1.6 镜像导入
预先删除busybox镜像
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker rmi busybox:latest
Untagged: busybox:latest
Untagged: busybox@sha256:5acba83a746c7608ed544dc1533b87c737a0b0fb730301639a0179f9344b1678
Deleted: sha256:beae173ccac6ad749f76713cf4440fe3d21d1043fe616dfbe30775815d1d0f6a
Deleted: sha256:01fd6df81c8ec7dd24bbbd72342671f41813f992999a3471b9d9cbc44ad88374
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
本地导入
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker load -i docker-busybox-test1.tar.gz
01fd6df81c8e: Loading layer 1.459MB/1.459MB
Loaded image: busybox:latest
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox latest beae173ccac6 7 months ago 1.24MB
异地导入
//传输过去johnnyg02主机
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# scp docker-busybox-test2.tar.gz 10.0.2.11:~
//查看是否存在
[root@johnnyg02 ~]# ll
total 599784
-rw------- 1 root root 1468416 Aug 10 14:22 docker-busybox-test2.tar.gz
[root@johnnyg02 ~]# docker load -i docker-busybox-test2.tar.gz
01fd6df81c8e: Loading layer 1.459MB/1.459MB
Loaded image: busybox:latest
[root@johnnyg02 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox latest beae173ccac6 7 months ago 1.24MB
参数解释
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker load --help
Usage: docker load [OPTIONS]
Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
Options:
-i, --input string Read from tar archive file, instead of STDIN
从tar归档文件读取镜像，而不是标准输入流
-q, --quiet Suppress the load output
禁止读入输出
1.7 查看镜像详细信息
方法一：
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker image inspect busybox:latest
[
{
"Id": "sha256:beae173ccac6ad749f76713cf4440fe3d21d1043fe616dfbe30775815d1d0f6a",
"RepoTags": [
"busybox:latest"
],
"RepoDigests": [],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2021-12-30T19:19:41.006954958Z",
"Container": "a0007fa726185ffbcb68e90f8edabedd79a08949f32f4f0bcc6e5fed713a72c8",
"ContainerConfig": {
"Hostname": "a0007fa72618",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"#(nop) ",
"CMD [\"sh\"]"
],
"Image": "sha256:da658412c37aa24e561eb7e16c61bc82a9711340d8fb5cf1a8f39d8e96d7f723",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {}
},
"DockerVersion": "20.10.7",
"Author": "",
"Config": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"sh"
],
"Image": "sha256:da658412c37aa24e561eb7e16c61bc82a9711340d8fb5cf1a8f39d8e96d7f723",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": null
},
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 1239820,
"VirtualSize": 1239820,
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b0d7b835ecde86b17ed707c21ca09d7fa1c4969d1fcfa30174cf779016b5ee14/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b0d7b835ecde86b17ed707c21ca09d7fa1c4969d1fcfa30174cf779016b5ee14/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b0d7b835ecde86b17ed707c21ca09d7fa1c4969d1fcfa30174cf779016b5ee14/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:01fd6df81c8ec7dd24bbbd72342671f41813f992999a3471b9d9cbc44ad88374"
]
},
"Metadata": {
"LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
}
}
]
方法二：
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker inspect busybox:latest
2、容器操作
2.1 容器创建（不推荐）
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker create 镜像名
2.2 容器启动
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker start 容器名
2.3 容器停止
方法一：
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker stop 容器名
方法二：
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker kill 容器名
2.4 容器创建启动一体式（推荐）
格式
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker run --help
Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker run 镜像名
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker run 参数 镜像名
常用参数解释
Options:
-t：打开一个终端，像使用交换机一样使用容器
-i：交互式访问
--name：容器名字，不指定会随机设置容器名
--network：指定网络类型（后面会单独介绍）
--rm：容器一停，自动删除
-d：剥离与当前终端的关系；否则会一直占据着终端
-p：端口映射，将容器内服务的端口映射在宿主机的指定端口
-p格式：
-p
-p :
-p ::
示例
//拉取nginx镜像作为测试
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete
a9edb18cadd1: Pull complete
589b7251471a: Pull complete
186b1aaa4aa6: Pull complete
b4df32aa5a72: Pull complete
a0bcbecc962e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
busybox latest beae173ccac6 7 months ago 1.24MB
nginx latest 605c77e624dd 7 months ago 141MB
测试一（配置后直接进入容器内）
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker run -it --name web1 nginx:latest /bin/bash
root@bab7ddfa7f4e:/# ls
bin dev docker-entrypoint.sh home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot docker-entrypoint.d etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr
root@bab7ddfa7f4e:/# pwd
/
复制新会话并查看容器状态
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bab7ddfa7f4e nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 59 seconds ago Up 58 seconds 80/tcp web1
//可以看到当前容器为Up状态开启状态
退出容器
root@bab7ddfa7f4e:/# exit
exit
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bab7ddfa7f4e nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" About a minute ago Exited (0) 3 seconds ago web1
//可以看到退出后当前容器为Exited关闭状态
测试二（退出容器自动删除容器）
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker run -it --rm --name web2 nginx:latest /bin/bash
root@cac6d1bac43c:/# ls
bin dev docker-entrypoint.sh home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot docker-entrypoint.d etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr
root@cac6d1bac43c:/# pwd
/
复制新会话并查看容器状态
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
cac6d1bac43c nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 80/tcp web2
bab7ddfa7f4e nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago web1
//可以看到两个容器均为Up状态开启状态
退出容器
root@cac6d1bac43c:/# exit
exit
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bab7ddfa7f4e nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago web1
//可以看到退出后web2自动删除已不存在
测试三（容器剥离终端挂在后台）
【注：需要使用可以通过命令docker start 容器名进行容器开启，后面再通过命令docker exec 参数 容器名访问进入终端】
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker run -d --name web3 nginx:latest
6f4f6ae8ea6bbfd4796bc3cfc4711b9edff8f9b85469fbcf27f55227f081a247
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6f4f6ae8ea6b nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 5 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 80/tcp web3
bab7ddfa7f4e nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago web1
测试四（端口映射）
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker run -it --name web4 -p 80:80 nginx:latest /bin/bash
root@9513c393471f:/# ls
bin dev docker-entrypoint.sh home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot docker-entrypoint.d etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr
root@9513c393471f:/# pwd
/
复制新会话并查看容器状态
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9513c393471f nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 37 seconds ago Up 36 seconds 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp web4
6f4f6ae8ea6b nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 7 minutes ago Up 7 minutes 80/tcp web3
bab7ddfa7f4e nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 10 minutes ago Exited (0) 9 minutes ago web1
//可以看到web4容器PORTS项中写有端口映射情况
查看端口映射
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker port web4
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:80
80/tcp -> :::80
配置nginx服务并进行访问
root@9513c393471f:/# echo "hello world" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
//开启nginx服务
root@9513c393471f:/# /usr/sbin/nginx
2022/08/10 07:31:22 [notice] 8#8: using the "epoll" event method
2022/08/10 07:31:22 [notice] 8#8: nginx/1.21.5
2022/08/10 07:31:22 [notice] 8#8: built by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6)
2022/08/10 07:31:22 [notice] 8#8: OS: Linux 3.10.0-1160.66.1.el7.x86_64
2022/08/10 07:31:22 [notice] 8#8: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2022/08/10 07:31:22 [notice] 9#9: start worker processes
2022/08/10 07:31:22 [notice] 9#9: start worker process 10
2022/08/10 07:31:22 [notice] 9#9: start worker process 11
2022/08/10 07:31:22 [notice] 9#9: start worker process 12
2022/08/10 07:31:22 [notice] 9#9: start worker process 13
其它主机访问
[root@johnnyg02 ~]# curl 1.13.249.218:80
hello world
2.5 容器详细信息
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker inspect 容器名
2.6 容器删除
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker rm 容器名
如果容器为启动状态（-f 强制删除）【不建议】
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker rm -f 容器名
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker rm web1
web1
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker rm -f web3
web3
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9513c393471f nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 28 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago web4
2.7 对Up启动状态的容器执行指定命令exec
格式
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker exec --help
Usage: docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker exec 参数 容器名
常用参数解释
Options:
-d：在后台运行命令
-e：设置环境变量
-i：交互式
-t：打开一个终端
-u：用户名或UID
示例1（进入终端）
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker exec -it web4 /bin/bash
root@9513c393471f:/# ls
bin dev docker-entrypoint.sh home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot docker-entrypoint.d etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr
root@9513c393471f:/# pwd
/
示例2（执行命令并回显）
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker exec web4 hostname
9513c393471f
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker exec web4 pwd
/
其余参数不演示
2.8 查看容器内部日志
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker logs web4
2.9 一图总结对容器的操作命令
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