创建和销毁对象:
使用静态工厂方法代替构造器
Pros:
1. 不必每次调用时创建新的对象(singleton)
2. 可以返回原返回类型的任何子类型的对象
服务提供者框架代码示例:
// Service provider framework sketch
// Service provider interface
public interface Service {
// Service-specific methods go here
}
// Service provider interface
public interface Provider {
Service newService();
}
// Noninstantiabler class for service registration and access
public class Services {
private Services() { }
// Maps service names to services
private static final Map<String, Provider> providers = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Provider>();
public static final String DEFAULT_PROVIDER_NAME = "<def>";
// Provider registration API
public static void registerDefaultProvider(Provider p) {
registerProvider(DEFAULT_PROVIDER_NAME, p);
}
public static void registerProvider(String name, Provider p) {
providers.put(name, p);
}
// Service access API
public static Service newInstance() {
return newInstance(DEFAULT_PROVIDER_NAME);
}
public static Service newInstance(String name) {
Provider p = providers.get(name);
if (p == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
return p.newService();
}
}
3. 创建参数化类型实例时,更方便,使代码更灵活。
Cons:
1. 类如果不含公有的或者受保护的构造器,就不能被子类化(鼓励使用composition)
2. 在javadoc中没有明确区分出来
遇到多个构造器参数时考虑使用构造器