Linux安装mysql——源码安装

1.假设已经有mysql-5.5.10.tar.gz以及cmake-2.8.4.tar.gz两个源文件

mysql下载地址：

http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql

cmake下载地址：

http://www.cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html

(1)先安装cmake（mysql5.5以后是通过cmake来编译的）

[root@ rhel5 local]#tar -zxv -f cmake-2.8.4.tar.gz
[root@ rhel5 local]#cd cmake-2.8.4
[root@ rhel5 cmake-2.8.4]#./configure
[root@ rhel5 cmake-2.8.4]#make
[root@ rhel5 cmake-2.8.4]#make install

(2)创建mysql的安装目录及数据库存放目录

[root@ rhel5~]#mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql                 //安装mysql 
[root@ rhel5~]#mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data            //存放数据库

(3)创建mysql用户及用户组

[root@ rhel5~]groupadd mysql
[root@ rhel5~]useradd -r -g mysql mysql

(4)安装mysql

[root@ rhel5 local]#tar -zxv -f mysql-5.5.10.tar.gz
[root@ rhel5 local]#cd mysql-5.5.10
[root@ rhel5 mysql-5.5.10]#cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci  -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1
[root@ rhel5 mysql-5.5.10]#make
[root@ rhel5 mysql-5.5.10]#make install

 

 

参数说明：

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql        //安装目录

-DINSTALL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data         //数据库存放目录

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8                    　　　　//使用utf8字符

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci            //校验字符

-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all                        　　　　//安装所有扩展字符集

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1                    　　  //允许从本地导入数据

 

注意事项：

重新编译时，需要清除旧的对象文件和缓存信息。

# make clean

# rm -f CMakeCache.txt

# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

2.配置

(1)设置目录权限

[root@ rhel5~]# cd /usr/local/mysql

[root@ rhel5 mysql]# chown -R root:mysql .　//把当前目录中所有文件的所有者所有者设为root，所属组为mysql

[root@ rhel5 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql data

(2)

[root@ rhel5 mysql]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf　//将mysql的启动服务添加到系统服务中

更新版本的Mysql已没有这个文件，只有手工建立了一个：

[root@rhel131 mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf

[client]
port    = 3306
socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
server_id = 1
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
#skip-locking
#skip-name-resolve
back_log = 384
key_buffer_size = 16K
max_allowed_packet = 1M
max_connections = 768
max_connect_errors = 10000000
wait_timeout = 10
table_open_cache = 4
sort_buffer_size = 64K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
net_buffer_length = 2K
thread_stack = 128K

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

(3)创建系统数据库的表

[root@ rhel5 mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@ rhel5 mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

(4)设置环境变量

 

[root@ rhel5~]# vi /root/.bash_profile

在PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin添加参数为：

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib

[root@ rhel5~]#source /root/.bash_profile

(5)手动启动mysql

[root@ rhel5~]# cd /usr/local/mysql

[root@ rhel5 mysql]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & 　 //启动MySQL，但不能停止

启动日志写在此文件下：/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.err

关闭MySQL服务

[root@ rhel5 mysql]# mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown　　//这里MySQL的root用户还没有配置密码，所以为空值。需要输入密码时，直接点回车键即可。

(6)另一种简单的启动mysql的方法(mysql已经被添加到系统服务中)

[root@ rhel5~]# service mysql.server start  
[root@ rhel5~]# service mysql.server stop
[root@ rhel5~]# service mysql.server restart

如果上述命令出现：mysql.server 未识别的服务

则可能mysql还没添加到系统服务中，下面用另一种方法添加：

[root@ rhel5 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysql　//将mysql的启动服务添加到系统服务中

注意：主要是将mysql.server拷贝到/etc/init.d中，命名为mysql。在有的系统中，mysql.server在/usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server中，而本系统中，mysql.server在/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server中。

然后再用#service mysql start 来启动mysql即可。

(7)修改MySQL的root用户的密码以及打开远程连接

[root@ rhel5~]# mysql -u root mysql

mysql>use mysql;
mysql>desc user;
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY "root";　　//为root添加远程连接的能力。
mysql>update user set Password = password('xxxxxx') where User='root';
mysql>select Host,User,Password  from user where User='root'; 
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql>exit

重新登录：mysql -u root -p

若还不能进行远程连接，则关闭防火墙
[root@ rhel5~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables stop

注：如果不能远程连接，出现错误mysql error number 1130，则加入下面语句试试：

mysql>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '******' WITH GRANT OPTION;