分区(Partition)一直是Oracle数据库引以为傲的一项技术,正是分区的存在让Oracle高效的处理海量数据成为可能,在Oracle 11g中,分区技术在易用性和可扩展性上再次得到了增强。在10g的Oracle版本中,要对分区表做调整,尤其是对RANGE分区添加新的分区都需要DBA手动定期添加,或都使用存储过程进行管理。在11G的版本中的Interval Partition不再需要DBA去干预新分区的添加,Oracle会自动去执行这样的操作,减少了DBA的工作量。Interval Partition是Range分区的一个扩展。
使用Interval Partition也有一些限制:
-
You can only specify one partitioning key column, and it must be of
NUMBER
orDATE
type. -
Interval partitioning is not supported for index-organized tables.
-
You cannot create a domain index on an interval-partitioned table.
- Interval partitioning is not supported at the subpartition level. ...
Interval Partition也可以创建复合分区:
-
Interval-range
-
Interval-hash
-
Interval-list
创建Interval分区表:
CREATE TABLE t
(
id number,
create_date date
)
partition by range(create_date) interval(numtoyminterval(1,'MONTH'))
(
partition p201303 values less than (date '2013-03-01'),
partition p201304 values less than (date '2013-04-01'),
partition p201305 values less than (date '2013-05-01')
);
这里就创建了一个每个月会自动生成一个分区的表。
interval函数以及numtoninterval函数的说明
SQL> SQL> select partition_name, interval, high_value from dba_tab_partitions where table_owner=user and table_nam e = 'T' order by partition_position;
PARTITION_NAME INT HIGH_VALUE
------------------------------ --- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----
P201303 NO TO_DATE(' 2013-03-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
P201304 NO TO_DATE(' 2013-04-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
P201305 NO TO_DATE(' 2013-05-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
--可以发现interval=NO,目前是指定的3个分区。
接着插入一笔非这个指定分区的数据:
SQL> insert into t values(1 ,date'2013-05-11');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select partition_name, interval, high_value from dba_tab_partitions where table_owner=user and table_name = 'T' order by partition_position;
PARTITION_NAME INT HIGH_VALUE
------------------------------ --- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P201303 NO TO_DATE(' 2013-03-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
P201304 NO TO_DATE(' 2013-04-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
P201305 NO TO_DATE(' 2013-05-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
SYS_P41 YES TO_DATE(' 2013-06-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
发现自动建立了一个新分区sys_p41,interval值为YES,说明这个是inteval分区,high_value是TO_DATE(' 2013-06-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
试一下删除分区:
SQL> alter table t drop partition P201304;
Table altered.
将P201304分区删除,这个分区的数据也会同时删除。
SQL> select partition_name, interval, high_value from dba_tab_partitions where table_owner=user and table_name = 'T' order by partition_position;
PARTITION_NAME INT HIGH_VALUE
------------------------------ --- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P201303 NO TO_DATE(' 2013-03-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
P201305 NO TO_DATE(' 2013-05-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
SYS_P41 YES TO_DATE(' 2013-06-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
SQL> alter table t drop partition P201305;
alter table t drop partition P201305
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-14758: Last partition in the range section cannot be dropped
删除P201305的时候出错,提示最后一个range分区无法删除
那怎么删除这个分区?
步骤如下:
--先执行一下set interval(),使得interval的值都为NO
SQL> alter table t set interval (NUMTOYMINTERVAL(1,'month'));
Table altered.
SQL> select partition_name, interval, high_value from dba_tab_partitions where table_owner=user and table_name = 'T' order by partition_position;
PARTITION_NAME INT HIGH_VALUE
------------------------------ --- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P201303 NO TO_DATE(' 2013-03-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
P201305 NO TO_DATE(' 2013-05-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
SYS_P41 NO TO_DATE(' 2013-06-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
--再删除的时间就没有问题了
SQL> alter table t drop partition P201305;
Table altered.
--验证删除成功!
SQL> select partition_name, interval, high_value from dba_tab_partitions where table_owner=user and table_name = 'T' order by partition_position;
PARTITION_NAME INT HIGH_VALUE
------------------------------ --- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P201303 NO TO_DATE(' 2013-03-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA
SYS_P41 NO TO_DATE(' 2013-06-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIA