Avoid allocating on every line

From: https://nnethercote.github.io/perf-book/heap-allocations.html#reading-lines-from-a-file

BufRead::lines makes it easy to read a file one line at a time:

use std::io::{self, BufRead};
let mut lock = io::stdin().lock();
for line in lock.lines() {
    process(&line?);
}

But the iterator it produces returns io::Result<String>, which means it allocates for every line in the file.

An alternative is to use a workhorse String in a loop over BufRead::read_line:

use std::io::{self, BufRead};
let mut lock = io::stdin().lock();
let mut line = String::new();
while lock.read_line(&mut line)? != 0 {
    process(&line);
    line.clear();
}

This reduces the number of allocations to at most a handful, and possibly just one.

This will only work if the loop body can operate on a &str, rather than a String.