所谓"流", 就是一段数据或是一块内存;
在进行流操作时, 我们不必关心流中的数据到底是什么; 只需要知道流的大小和当前的指针位置. 所以流只有两个属性:
Size、Position.
对流的操作, 不过就是读取和写入. 所以流最主要的方法就是 Read 和 Write.
在很多控件的使用中, 读取主要用 LoadFromStream; 写入主要用 SaveToStream.
TMemoryStream(内存流) 入门
举个例子: (建立新工程, 添加两个 Memo、两个 Button)
unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls;
type
TForm1 =class(TForm)
Memo1: TMemo;
Memo2: TMemo;
Button1: TButton;
Button2: TButton;
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
var
mStream: TStream;
{声明一个流对象}
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
mStream := TMemoryStream.Create; {TStream 是抽象类, 只能通过其子类实例化; 这里我们用了内存流来生成实例}
Memo1.Lines.Text :='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'; {给 Memo1 个初始值}
end;
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
Memo1.Lines.SaveToStream(mStream); {把 Memo1 中的内容写入到流}
ShowMessage(IntToStr(mStream.Size)); {26, 当前流的大小}
ShowMessage(IntToStr(mStream.Position));{26, 当前流的指针}
end;
procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
mStream.Position :=4; {调整流的当前指针位置}
Memo2.Lines.LoadFromStream(mStream);
{读出流中的内容到 Memo2} { 现在 Memo2 中的内容应该是: EFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 如果 Position 是 0, memo2 读出的内容会是: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 如果 Position 等于 Size, 在这里如果是 26, Memo2 就读不出什么了. }
end;
procedure TForm1.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
begin
mStream.Free;{流释放时, 所用内存当然也会同时释放}
end;
end.
内存流读取文件
unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls;
type
TForm1 = class(TForm)
Memo1: TMemo;
Button1: TButton;
Button2: TButton;
Button3: TButton;
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button3Click(Sender: TObject);
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation{$R *.dfm}
var
mStream: TMemoryStream;
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);//程序开始先创建一个准备要测试的文件
var
strList: TStringList;
begin
strList := TStringList.Create;
strList.Add('aaaaaaaa');
strList.Add('bbbbbbbb');
strList.Add('cccccccc');
strList.Add('dddddddd');
strList.SaveToFile('c:\temp\test.txt');
strList.Free; {同时建立内存流}
mStream := TMemoryStream.Create;
end;
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);//通过流读文件到 Memo
begin
mStream.LoadFromFile('c:\temp\test.txt');{把文件读入内存流}
Memo1.Lines.LoadFromStream(mStream); {把内存流载入 Memo1}
end;
procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);//用字符指针读取流中的内容
var
pc: PChar;
begin
pc := mStream.Memory;{把字符指针指向内存流}
ShowMessage(pc[0]); {a; 第一个字符}
ShowMessage(pc[10]); {b; 这个第二行的第一个字符; 每行8个字再加换行与回车共10个字符}
ShowMessage(pc[20]); {c} ShowMessage(pc[30]); {d}
end;
procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject);//从流读入到缓冲区
var
buffer: array[0..2]of Char;{定义个字符缓冲区}
begin
mStream.Seek(0, soFromBeginning);
mStream.Read(buffer, SizeOf(buffer));
ShowMessage(buffer);{aaa}
mStream.Seek(10, soFromBeginning);
mStream.Read(buffer, SizeOf(buffer));
ShowMessage(buffer); {bbb}
mStream.Seek(20, soFromBeginning);
mStream.Read(buffer, SizeOf(buffer));
ShowMessage(buffer); {ccc}
mStream.Seek(30, soFromBeginning);
mStream.Read(buffer, SizeOf(buffer));
ShowMessage(buffer); {ddd}
{关于 Seek 函数: 参数1: Offset 是偏移量; 参数2: Origin 是指针的基准位置, 有三个选值: soFromBeginning、soFromCurrent、soFromEnd soFromBeginning: 以开始为基准, 此时参数 Offset 要 >= 0; soFromCurrent: 以当前位置为基准; soFromEnd: 以结束为基准; 此时参数 Offset 要 <= 0; 返回: 指针新位置}
end;
procedure TForm1.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
begin
mStream.Free;
end;
end.
TFileStream读写
TStream 是一个抽象的基类, 不能直接生成对象. 在具体的应用中, 主要使用它的子孙类:
TFileStream: 文件流
TStringStream: 字符串流
TMemoryStream: 内存流
TResourceStream: 资源文件流
THandleStream: 是 TFileStream 的父类、
TStream 的子类TCustomMemoryStream: 是 TMemoryStream 和 TResourceStream 的父类、
TStream 的子类与流相关的常用类还有: TReader、TWriter、TCompressionStream、TDecompressionStream
来一个文件流的例子:
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
getStream,setStream: TFileStream; {声明一个文件流}
getPath,setPath:string;
begin
getPath := 'c:\temp\get.jpg';{需要这个文件存在}
setPath :='c:\temp\set.jpg';{这个会自动建立}
ifnot FileExists(getPath)then
begin
ShowMessage('找不到我们要测试的图片文件: ' + getPath);
Exit;
end;
getStream := TFileStream.Create(getPath, fmOpenReador fmShareExclusive);
setStream := TFileStream.Create(setPath, fmCreate); {建立文件流需要两个参数: 参数 1 是路径, 参数 2 是打开模式}
getStream.Position :=0;{流指针移到开始, 复制时从这里开始}
setStream.CopyFrom(getStream, getStream.Size);{Copy 流} {CopyFrom 的参数 2 是要复制的内容大小; 如果为 0 , 不管指针在什么位置都会复制所有内容} {CopyFrom 返回实际拷贝的字节数}
{这时硬盘上就有 set.jpg 文件, 与 get.jpg 一么一样} {其实就是复制文件, 不过这里我们是用文件流实现的}
getStream.Free;
setStream.Free;
end;
TFileStream 打开模式与共享模式:
| 分类 | 参数 | 说明 |
|---|
打
开
模
式 | fmCreate | 建立文件, 如果存在则打开它。 |
|---|
| fmOpenRead | 只读打开 |
| fmOpenWrite | 只写打开 |
| fmOpenReadWrite | 读写打开 |
共
享
模
式 | fmShareCompat | 共享模式, 兼容 Dos |
|---|
| fmShareExclusive | 不允许别人以任何方式打开 |
| fmShareDenyWrite | 允许别人以只写方式打开 |
| fmShareDenyRead | 允许别人以只读方式打开 |
| fmShareDenyNone | 允许别人以任何方式打开 |
遍历读取流中的所有数据
unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls;
type
TForm1 = class(TForm)
Memo1: TMemo;
Memo2: TMemo;{需要添加两个 Memo 用于显示}
Button1: TButton;
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{
$R *.dfm}
//先制造一个测试文件
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
var
strList: TStringList;
begin
strList := TStringList.Create;
strList.Add('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ');
strList.SaveToFile('c:\temp\test.txt'); strList.Free;
end;
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
ms: TMemoryStream;
c: Char; s1,s2:
string;
begin
ms := TMemoryStream.Create;
ms.LoadFromFile(
'c:\temp\test.txt'
);
{读入内存流}
s1 :=
''
; s2 :=
''
;
ms.Position :=
0
;
{指针到开始}
while ms.Position < ms.Size
do
{循环读出}
begin
ms.Read(c,
1
);
{每读出一个字节, 指针会自动移到新的位置}
s1 := s1 + c +
' '
;
{用文本记录}
s2 := s2 + IntToHex(Byte(c),
2
) +
' '
;
{用两位数的十六进制记录}
end;
Memo1.Lines.Text := s1;
Memo2.Lines.Text := s2;
{Memo1 会显示: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z }
{Memo2 会显示: 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5A 0D 0A}
ms.Free;
end;
end.
序列化
unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls;
type
TForm1 =
class(TForm)
Button1: TButton;
Button2: TButton;
Button3: TButton;
Button4: TButton;
Memo1: TMemo;
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button3Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button4Click(Sender: TObject);
private
{ Private declarations }
public
{ Public declarations }
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
//添加一个 Memo1 然后修改其内容
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
WriteComponentResFile(
'c:\temp\memo.dat'
, Memo1);
{只此一句就可以把当前的 Memo 的状态序列化到文件}
end;
//反序列化, 读回
procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
ReadComponentResFile(
'c:\temp\memo.dat'
, Memo1);
{一句话就可以读回, 不管是经过了什么操作(甚至是关机)}
end;
{ 这好像和流没什么关系, 其实这就是流的典型操作, WriteComponentResFile 和 ReadComponentResFile 分别调用了流类的 WriteComponentRes 与 ReadComponentRes 方法. 下面用更直接的流的方式重新实现一次:}
//序列化
procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject);
var
stream: TStream;
const strPath ='c:\temp\m.dat';
begin
stream := TFileStream.Create(strPath, fmCreate);
stream.WriteComponentRes(Memo1.ClassName, Memo1); {WriteComponentRes 有两个参数: 文件名和组件名}
stream.Free;
end;
//反序列化
procedure TForm1.Button4Click(Sender: TObject);
v
ar
stream: TStream;
const strPath =
'c:\temp\m.dat'
;
begin
stream := TFileStream.Create(strPath, fmOpenRead);
stream.ReadComponentRes(Memo1);
{ReadComponentRes 只有一个参数: 组件名}
stream.Free;
end;
end.
用流读写结构化文件
unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls;
type
TForm1 =
class(TForm)
Memo1: TMemo;
{添加 Memo 显示内容}
Button1: TButton;
Button2: TButton;
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
private
{ Private declarations }
public
{ Public declarations }
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
type
TRec =
record
{定义一个记录}
name:
string[
8
];
age: Word;
end;
//写入
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
rec: TRec;
ms: TMemoryStream;
begin
ms := TMemoryStream.Create;
rec.name :=
'张三'
;
rec.age :=
8
;
ms.Write(rec, SizeOf(rec));
rec.name :=
'李四'
;
rec.age :=
81
;
ms.Write(rec, SizeOf(rec));
rec.name :=
'王二麻子'
;
rec.age :=
18
;
ms.Write(rec, SizeOf(rec));
ms.SaveToFile(
'c:\temp\rec.dat'
);
ms.Free;
end;
//读取
procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
var
rec: TRec;
ms: TMemoryStream;
begin
ms := TMemoryStream.Create;
ms.LoadFromFile(
'c:\temp\rec.dat'
);
Memo1.Clear;
ms.Position :=
0
;
while ms.Position < ms.Size
do
begin
ms.Read(rec, SizeOf(rec));
Memo1.Lines.Add(rec.name +
' '
+ IntToStr(rec.age));
end;
{Memo1 的显示结果会是: 张三 8 李四 81 王二麻子 18 }
ms.Free;
end;
end.
压缩与解压缩
unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls;
type
TForm1 =
class(TForm)
Button1: TButton;
Button2: TButton;
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
end;
v
ar
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
uses
Zlib;
{压缩流 TCompressionStream 与解压缩流 TDecompressionStream 来自 Zlib 单元}
//压缩
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
cs: TCompressionStream;
{定义压缩流}
fs,ms: TMemoryStream;
{fs 是要压缩的流; ms 是接收压缩后文件的流}
num: Integer;
{原始文件大小}
begin
{第一步: 调入要压缩的文件, 并获取大小}
fs := TMemoryStream.Create;
fs.LoadFromFile(
'c:\temp\test.txt'
);
{文件要存在啊}
num := fs.Size;
{第二步: 建立接收的流, 并先写入原始文件大小}
ms := TMemoryStream.Create;
ms.Write(num, SizeOf(num));
{第三步: 压缩}
cs := TCompressionStream.Create(clMax, ms);
{参数1是压缩比; 参数2是接收流}
fs.SaveToStream(cs);
{传入要压缩的数据}
cs.Free;
{压缩流 Free 后才真正完成压缩, 所以提前 Free}
{第四步: 保存}
ms.SaveToFile(
'c:\temp\test.zipx'
);
{第五步: 释放}
ms.Free; fs.Free;
{压缩比参数: clNone 无压缩 clFastest 快速 clDefault 默认 clMax 最大比例}
end;
//解压缩
procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
var
ds: TDecompressionStream;
{解压流}
fs,ms: TMemoryStream;
{fs 是准备要解压的流; ms 是接受解压数据的流}
num: Integer;
{接受文件压缩前的大小}
begin
{第一步: 准要解压的文件}
fs := TMemoryStream.Create;
fs.LoadFromFile(
'c:\temp\test.zipx'
);
{必须是上一个压缩方法生成的文件}
{第二步: 读出文件压缩前的大小}
fs.Position :=
0
; fs.ReadBuffer(num,SizeOf(num));
{第三步: 准备好要接收的流, 并设置需要的大小}
ms := TMemoryStream.Create; ms.SetSize(num);
{第四步: 解压}
ds := TDecompressionStream.Create(fs);
{参数是要解压的流}
{第五步: 把解压后的数据读出存放到已准备好接收的流}
ds.Read(ms.Memory^, num);
{第六步: 保存}
ms.SaveToFile(
'c:\temp\test2.txt'
);
ds.Free;
ms.Free;
fs.Free;
end;
end.
压缩与解压缩的函数
unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls;
t
ype
TForm1 =
class(TForm)
Button1: TButton;
Button2: TButton;
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
uses
Zlib;
//压缩函数
procedure Zip(
var fs: TMemoryStream);
var
cs: TCompressionStream;
ms: TMemoryStream;
num: Integer;
begin
if
not(Assigned(fs)
and (fs.Size>
0
))
then
Exit;
num := fs.Size;
ms := TMemoryStream.Create;
cs := TCompressionStream.Create(clMax, ms);
try
fs.SaveToStream(cs);
cs.Free;
//ms.Position := 0;
fs.Clear;
fs.WriteBuffer(num, sizeof(num));
fs.CopyFrom(ms,
0
);
finally
ms.Free;
end;
end;
//解压函数
procedure UnZip(
var fs: Tmemorystream);
var
ds: TDecompressionStream;
ms: TMemoryStream;
num: Integer;
begin
if
not(Assigned(fs)
and (fs.Size>
0
))
then
Exit;
fs.Position :=
0
;
fs.ReadBuffer(num,sizeof(num));
ms := TMemoryStream.Create;
ds := TDecompressionStream.Create(fs);
try
ms.SetSize(num);
ds.Read(ms.Memory^, num);
//ms.Position := 0;
fs.Clear;
fs.CopyFrom(ms,
0
);
finally
ds.Free;
ms.Free;
end;
end;
//压缩测试
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
ms: TMemoryStream;
begin
ms := TMemoryStream.Create;
ms.LoadFromFile(
'c:\temp\test.txt'
);
Zip(ms);
ms.SaveToFile(
'c:\temp\test.zipx'
);
end;
//解压测试
procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
var
ms: TMemoryStream;
begin
ms := TMemoryStream.Create;
ms.LoadFromFile(
'c:\temp\test.zipx'
);
UnZip(ms);
ms.SaveToFile(
'c:\temp\test2.txt'
);
end;
end.
分割与合并文件函数
unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls;
type
TForm1 =
class(TForm)
Button1: TButton;
Button2: TButton;
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
//分割文件的函数
{参数 1 是要分割的文件名; 参数 2 是要风格文件的大小, 单位是 KB}
{分割后的文件名扩展名用序号替换}
function SplitFile(
const FileName:
string; Size: Cardinal): Boolean;
var
fStream: TFileStream;
{原始文件}
toStream: TMemoryStream;
{分文件}
p,i: Integer;
{p 记录当前指针位置; i 记录这是第几个分的文件}
begin
Result := False;
Size := Size *
1024
;
{把大小的单位转换为字节}
fStream := TFileStream.Create(FileName, fmOpenRead);
p :=
0
;
i :=
0
;
toStream := TMemoryStream.Create;
while p < fStream.Size
do
begin
toStream.Clear;
{清空上次数据}
fStream.Position := p;
{放好指针位置}
if fStream.Size-p < Size
then
Size := fStream.Size-p;
{最后一个时, 有多少算多少}
toStream.CopyFrom(fStream, Size);
{复制}
toStream.SaveToFile(FileName +
'.'
+ IntToStr(i));
{保存}
Inc(i);
p := p + Size;
end;
fStream.Free;
toStream.Free;
Result := True;
end;
//合并文件, 参数是其中一个分文件名
function MergeFile(
const FileName:
string): Boolean;
var
ms: TMemoryStream;
{读取分文件}
fs: TFileStream;
{合并后的文件}
path:
string;
i: Integer;
begin
path := ChangeFileExt(FileName,
''
);
{去掉序号扩展名}
ShowMessage(path);
i :=
0
;
ms := TMemoryStream.Create;
fs := TFileStream.Create(path, fmCreate);
while FileExists(path +
'.'
+ IntToStr(i))
do
begin
ms.LoadFromFile(path +
'.'
+ IntToStr(i));
fs.CopyFrom(ms,
0
);
{TFileStream 不需要 SetSize; 但如果用 TMemoryStream 就需要}
Inc(i);
end;
ms.Free;
fs.Free;
end;
//测试分割
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
SplitFile(
'c:\temp\test.txt'
,
10
);
end;
//测试合并
procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
MergeFile(
'c:\temp\test.txt.0'
);
end;
end.
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