Java 抽象工厂模式

Java设计模式 - 抽象工厂模式

抽象工厂模式是另一个创建模式。
抽象工厂模式，也称为工厂的工厂，有一个工厂创建其他工厂。
当使用抽象工厂模式时，我们首先使用超级工厂创建工厂，然后使用创建的工厂创建对象。

例子

下面的代码展示了如何使用抽象工厂模式。
我们将要创建形状和打印机。对于形状，我们会有圆形，矩形和正方形。对于打印机，我们将有纸张打印机，网络打印机和屏幕打印机。
对于shape，我们将创建Shape接口，如下所示：

/**
 * Created by david.tian on 16/08/2017.
 */
public interface IShape {
    void draw();
}

然后我们创建实现Shape接口的具体类。

/**
 * Created by david.tian on 16/08/2017.
 */
public class Rectangle implements IShape {
    @Override
    public void draw(){
        System.out.println("Inside Rectangle::draw() method.");
    }
}

/**
 * Created by david.tian on 16/08/2017.
 */
public class Square implements IShape {
    @Override
    public void draw(){
        System.out.println("Inside Square::draw() method.");
    }
}


/**
 * Created by david.tian on 16/08/2017.
 */
public class Circle implements IShape {
    @Override
    public void draw(){
        System.out.println("Inside Circle::draw() method.");
    }
}

我们为打印机创建一个接口。

/**
 * Created by david.tian on 16/08/2017.
 */
public interface IPrinter {
    void print();
}

然后我们创建实现Printer接口的具体类。

/**
 * Created by david.tian on 16/08/2017.
 */
public class PaperPrinter implements IPrinter {
    @Override
    public void print(){
        System.out.println("paper");
    }
}

/**
 * Created by david.tian on 16/08/2017.
 */
public class WebPrinter implements IPrinter {
    @Override
    public void print(){
        System.out.println("webprinter");
    }
}

/**
 * Created by david.tian on 16/08/2017.
 */
public class ScreenPrinter implements IPrinter {
    @Override
    public void print(){
        System.out.println("screen");
    }
}

最后，我们创建一个抽象类来获取打印机和形状对象的工厂。

/**
 * Created by david.tian on 16/08/2017.
 */
public abstract class AbstractFactory {
    abstract IPrinter getPrinter(String type);
    abstract IShape getShape(String shape);
}

最后，我们创建Factory类，根据给定的信息扩展AbstractFactory以生成具体类的对象。

/**
 * Created by david.tian on 16/08/2017.
 */
public class ShapeFactory extends AbstractFactory {
    @Override
    public IShape getShape(String shapeType){
        if(shapeType == null){
            return null;
        }
        if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("CIRCLE")){
            return new Circle();
        } else if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("RECTANGLE")){
            return new Rectangle();
        } else if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("SQUARE")){
            return new Square();
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public IPrinter getPrinter(String printerType){
        return null;
    }


}



/**
 * Created by david.tian on 16/08/2017.
 */
public class PrinterFactory extends AbstractFactory {
    @Override
    IPrinter getPrinter(String type) {
        if(type == null){
            return  null;
        }
        if(type.equalsIgnoreCase("PAPER")){
            return new PaperPrinter();
        } else if(type.equalsIgnoreCase("WEB")){
            return new WebPrinter();
        } else if(type.equalsIgnoreCase("SCREEN")){
            return new ScreenPrinter();
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    IShape getShape(String shape) {
        return null;
    }
}

下面的代码展示了如何使用抽象工厂模式。

/**
 * Created by david.tian on 16/08/2017.
 */
public class AbstractFactoryTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        //get shape factory
        AbstractFactory shapeFactory = FactoryProducer.getFactory("SHAPE");

        //get an object of Shape Circle
        IShape circle = shapeFactory.getShape("CIRCLE");
        //call draw method of Shape Circle
        circle.draw();

        //get an object of Shape Rectangle
        IShape rectangle = shapeFactory.getShape("RECTANGLE");
        //call draw method of Shape Rectangle
        rectangle.draw();

        //get an object of Shape square
        IShape square = shapeFactory.getShape("SQUARE");
        //call draw method of Shape Square
        square.draw();


        //get Printer factory
        AbstractFactory printerFactory = FactoryProducer.getFactory("PRINTER");

        //get an object of Printer paper
        IPrinter paper = printerFactory.getPrinter("PAPER");
        //call print method
        paper.print();

        //get an object of Printer paper
        IPrinter webprinter = printerFactory.getPrinter("WEB");
        //call print method
        webprinter.print();

        //get an object of Printer paper
        IPrinter screenprinter = printerFactory.getPrinter("SCREEN");
        //call print method
        screenprinter.print();


    }
}

上面的代码生成以下结果。

Inside Circle::draw() method.
Inside Rectangle::draw() method.
Inside Square::draw() method.
paper
webprinter
screen