获取普通文本文档的编码类型

        在对普通文本进行操作的时候，需要知道文本的编码方式，不然读取出来的信息都是乱码。以下方法是转载别人，原理等过后再研究。

public static String codeString(String fileName) throws IOException{  
		File file = new File(fileName);
		String charset = "GBK";
        byte[] first3Bytes = new byte[3];
        try {
            boolean checked = false;
            BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream( new FileInputStream( file ) );
            bis.mark( 0 );
            int read = bis.read( first3Bytes, 0, 3 );
            if ( read == -1 ) return charset;
            if ( first3Bytes[0] == (byte) 0xFF && first3Bytes[1] == (byte) 0xFE ) {
                charset = "UTF-16LE";
                checked = true;
            }
            else if ( first3Bytes[0] == (byte) 0xFE && first3Bytes[1] == (byte) 0xFF ) {
                charset = "UTF-16BE";
                checked = true;
            }
            else if ( first3Bytes[0] == (byte) 0xEF && first3Bytes[1] == (byte) 0xBB && first3Bytes[2] == (byte) 0xBF ) {
                charset = "UTF-8";
                checked = true;
            }
            bis.reset();
            if ( !checked ) {
                int loc = 0;
 
                while ( (read = bis.read()) != -1 ) {
                    loc++;
                    if ( read >= 0xF0 ) break;
                    if ( 0x80 <= read && read <= 0xBF ) // 单独出现BF以下的，也算是GBK
                    break;
                    if ( 0xC0 <= read && read <= 0xDF ) {
                        read = bis.read();
                        if ( 0x80 <= read && read <= 0xBF ) // 双字节 (0xC0 - 0xDF) (0x80
                                                                        // - 0xBF),也可能在GB编码内
                        continue;
                        else break;
                    }
                    else if ( 0xE0 <= read && read <= 0xEF ) {// 也有可能出错，但是几率较小
                        read = bis.read();
                        if ( 0x80 <= read && read <= 0xBF ) {
                            read = bis.read();
                            if ( 0x80 <= read && read <= 0xBF ) {
                                charset = "UTF-8";
                                break;
                            }
                            else break;
                        }
                        else break;
                    }
                }
            }
            bis.close();
        } catch ( Exception e ) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return charset;
	}