ExFAT boot sector checksum简单介绍

在测试各种卡插拔测试的时候，遇到这样的一个error：

ExFAT: Invalid boot sector checksum.  Was 0x12345678, should be 0x87654321.

这个error会导致系统弹出提示框

“You need to format the disk in driver J: before you can use it. Do you want to format it?”

于是很好奇什么是boot sector checksum，是否真的是boot sector checksum错误导致这样的error。

        要了解ExFat中的boot sector checksum，首先需要了解MBR，因为只有正确解析了MBR这个sector，才可以找到ExFAT boot sector的位置。MBR的细节可以参考：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record#PTE

这里我们只看Classical Generic的版本，参考下图：

Structure of a classical generic MBR

Address		Description		Size (bytes)
Hex	Dec
+000h	+0	Bootstrap code area		446
+1BEh	+446	Partition entry #1	Partition table (for primary partitions)	16
+1CEh	+462	Partition entry #2		16
+1DEh	+478	Partition entry #3		16
+1EEh	+494	Partition entry #4		16
+1FEh	+510	55h	Boot signature[a]	2
+1FFh	+511	AAh
Total size: 446 + 4×16 + 2				512

可以看到其中的boot signature是 0x55AA，partion entry从0x1BE开始，最多支持4个partition entry。其中的每个partion entry的格式如下（16 byte）：

Layout of one 16-byte partition entry ^[13] (all multi-byte fields are little-endian)

Offset (bytes)		Field length	Description
+0h		1 byte	status / physical drive (bit 7 set: active / bootable, old MBRs only accept 80h), 00h: inactive,01h–7Fh: invalid)[a]
+1h		3 bytes	CHS address of first absolute sector in partition.[b] The format is described by 3 bytes, see the next 3 rows.
	+1h	1 byte	h7–0 head[c] x x x x x x x x
	+2h	1 byte	c9–8 s5–0 sector in bits 5–0; bits 7–6 are high bits of cylinder