零、Mysql运维技术之单机安装

•  前言

环境说明
OS版本：CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) 
Mysql版本：5.7.28（下载地址：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.28-el7-x86_64.tar.gz）

• 安装准备

关闭防火墙
//临时关闭
systemctl stop firewalld
//禁止开机启动
systemctl disable firewalld
[root@localhost mysql]# ls
mysql-5.7.28-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

查看原系统中的mariadb
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-server-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
mariadb-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64

删除mariadb
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-server-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64

查看原系统中的mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
qt-mysql-4.8.5-13.el7.x86_64
akonadi-mysql-1.9.2-4.el7.x86_64

删除mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -e --nodeps qt-mysql-4.8.5-13.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -e --nodeps akonadi-mysql-1.9.2-4.el7.x86_64

• 安装

1、解压：tar -zxf mysql-5.7.28-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

2、移动解压文件到/usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# mv mysql-5.7.28-el7-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql

[root@localhost mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/

3、创建数据目录
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir data

4、创建用户组 
4.1、查看是否存在原有用户组
[root@localhost mysql]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
mysql:x:27:
[root@localhost mysql]# cat /etc/passwd |grep mysql
mysql:x:27:27:MariaDB Server:/var/lib/mysql:/sbin/nologin
4.2、如果以上步骤存在，则需要删除已有的用户
[root@localhost mysql]# userdel -r mysql
userdel: mysql 邮件池 (/var/spool/mail/mysql) 未找到
userdel：未找到 mysql 的主目录“/var/lib/mysql”
4.3、创建用户
[root@localhost socket]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost socket]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
[root@localhost socket]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

5、创建Mysql配置文件
vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
socket=/usr/local/mysql/socket/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/pid/mysqld.pid
lc-messages = en_US
lc-messages-dir = /usr/local/mysql/share
sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/usr/local/mysql/socket/mysql.sock
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin 
binlog-format=ROW 
server_id=1 
max_connections=1000
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
skip-name-resolve


6、创建socket文件
[root@localhost mysql]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir socket
[root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql socket
[root@localhost mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/socket
[root@localhost socket]# touch mysql.sock
[root@localhost socket]# chown mysql:mysql mysql.sock

7、创建PID文件
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir pid
[root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql pid
[root@localhost mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/pid
[root@localhost pid]# touch mysqld.pid
[root@localhost pid]# chown mysql:mysql mysqld.pid

8、创建日志文件
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir log
[root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql log
[root@localhost log]# touch mysqld.log
[root@localhost log]# chown mysql:mysql mysqld.log

• 初始化和启动数据库

1、初始化数据库
[root@localhost bin]# ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

2、启动数据库
[root@localhost bin]# ./mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

3、增加软连接
[root@localhost ~]# ln /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/

4、查看mysql密码
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/mysql/log/mysqld.log | grep password
2020-04-22T13:30:43.655189Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: eyll8kRd*yto

5、SOCKET登录
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
输入上面的密码

6、密码修改为root
mysql> set password=password('root');

7、设置远程登录权限（否则远程无法登录数据库）
mysql>  grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root';

8、#立即生效:
mysql>  flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

• 开机启动

1、开机启动
[root@localhost support-files]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@localhost support-files]# chkconfig --add mysql

2、相关命令
#启动 或 停止
service mysql start 或 systemctl start mysql
service mysql stop 或 systemctl stop mysql
#mysql重启
service  mysqld restart


本地客户端访问Mysql
 .\mysql -h 192.168.43.221 -uroot