try...catch 的作用是测试代码中的错误。
有两种在网页中捕获错误的方法:
(1)使用 try...catch 语句。(在 IE5+、Mozilla 1.0、和 Netscape 6 中可用)
(2)使用 onerror 事件。这是用于捕获错误的老式方法。(Netscape 3 以后的版本可用)
Try...Catch 语句: 可以测试代码中的错误。try 部分包含需要运行的代码,而 catch 部分包含错误发生时运行的代码。
语法:
try
{
// 在此运行代码
}
catch (err)
{
// 在此处理错误
}
{
// 在此运行代码
}
catch (err)
{
// 在此处理错误
}
注意:try...catch 使用小写字母。大写字母会出错。
举例如下:
<
html
>
< head >
< script type = " text/javascript " >
var txt = "" ;
function message()
{
try
{
alerty( " 欢迎您! " ) // 误写成alerty,trycatch捕捉错误
}
catch (err)
{
txt = " 此页面存在一个错误。\n\n " ;
txt += " 错误描述: " + err.description + " \n\n " ;
txt += " 点击OK继续。\n\n " ;
alert(txt);
}
}
< / script>
< / head>
< body >
< input type = " button " value = " 点击我 " onclick = " message() " / >
< / body>
< / html>
< head >
< script type = " text/javascript " >
var txt = "" ;
function message()
{
try
{
alerty( " 欢迎您! " ) // 误写成alerty,trycatch捕捉错误
}
catch (err)
{
txt = " 此页面存在一个错误。\n\n " ;
txt += " 错误描述: " + err.description + " \n\n " ;
txt += " 点击OK继续。\n\n " ;
alert(txt);
}
}
< / script>
< / head>
< body >
< input type = " button " value = " 点击我 " onclick = " message() " / >
< / body>
< / html>
throw 声明的作用是创建 exception(异常或错误)。
这个声明与try...catch 声明配合使用,以达到控制程序流并产生精确错误消息的目的。
语法:throw(exception)
exception 可以是字符串、整数、逻辑值或者对象。
举例如下:如果 x 的值大于 10 或者小于 0,错误就会被抛出 (throw)。这个错误被 catch 的参数捕获后,就会显示出自定义的出错信息。
<
html
>
< body >
< script type = " text/javascript " >
var x = prompt( " Enter a number between 0 and 10: " , "" )
try
{
if (x > 10 )
throw " Err1 "
else if (x < 0 )
throw " Err2 "
}
catch (er)
{
if (er == " Err1 " )
alert( " Error! The value is too high " )
if (er == " Err2 " )
alert( " Error! The value is too low " )
}
< / script>
< / body>
< / html>
onerror 事件:
< body >
< script type = " text/javascript " >
var x = prompt( " Enter a number between 0 and 10: " , "" )
try
{
if (x > 10 )
throw " Err1 "
else if (x < 0 )
throw " Err2 "
}
catch (er)
{
if (er == " Err1 " )
alert( " Error! The value is too high " )
if (er == " Err2 " )
alert( " Error! The value is too low " )
}
< / script>
< / body>
< / html>
如果需要利用 onerror 事件,就 必须创建一个处理错误的函数 。你可以把这个函数叫作 onerror 事件处理器 (onerror event handler)。这个事件处理器使用三个参数来调用: msg(错误消息)、url(发生错误的页面的 url)、line(发生错误的代码行) 。
语法:
οnerrοr=handleErrfunction handleErr(msg,url,l)
{
//Handle the error here
return true or false
}
浏览器是否显示标准的错误消息,取决于 onerror 的返回值。如果返回值为 false,则在控制台 (JavaScript console) 中显示错误消息。反之则不会。
举例如下:
<
html
>
< head >
< script type = " text/javascript " >
onerror = handleErr
var txt = ""
function handleErr(msg,url,l)
{
txt = " There was an error on this page.\n\n "
txt += " Error: " + msg + " \n "
txt += " URL: " + url + " \n "
txt += " Line: " + l + " \n\n "
txt += " Click OK to continue.\n\n "
alert(txt)
return true
}
function message()
{
adddlert( " Welcome guest! " )
}
< / script>
< / head>
< body >
< input type = " button " value = " 点击我 " onclick = " message() " / >
< / body>
< / html>
< head >
< script type = " text/javascript " >
onerror = handleErr
var txt = ""
function handleErr(msg,url,l)
{
txt = " There was an error on this page.\n\n "
txt += " Error: " + msg + " \n "
txt += " URL: " + url + " \n "
txt += " Line: " + l + " \n\n "
txt += " Click OK to continue.\n\n "
alert(txt)
return true
}
function message()
{
adddlert( " Welcome guest! " )
}
< / script>
< / head>
< body >
< input type = " button " value = " 点击我 " onclick = " message() " / >
< / body>
< / html>