ipcs确定共享内存的使用情况,该命令用于输出系统中处于active状态的消息队列,共享内存段以及信号量的有关消息。
[oracle@simpleit ~]$ ipcs
------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key shmid owner perms bytes nattch status
0xe9b42ad8 2228225 oracle 640 88080384 13
0x8cdf18fc 2359299 oracle 640 528482304 26
------ Semaphore Arrays --------
key semid owner perms nsems
0xbbe791cc 98304 oracle 640 44
0x9d085d3c 491521 oracle 640 154
------ Message Queues --------
key msqid owner perms used-bytes messages
[oracle@simpleit ~]$ ipcs -m
------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key shmid owner perms bytes nattch status
0xe9b42ad8 2228225 oracle 640 88080384 13
0x8cdf18fc 2359299 oracle 640 528482304 26
通常最好让整个SGA处于一个单一的共享内存段,因为跟踪一个以上的段将需要额外的开销,在这些段来回切换也需要时间。可以增加/etc/sysctl.conf文件kernel.shmmax参数值,以增加一个单一的共享内存段的最大尺寸。
# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
使用ipcs可以查看系统的SGA是否由多个不连续的内存块组成,如果数据库失败,在释放内存时就会出现问题。使用ipcrm命令(仅仅用于在数据库失败之后SGA碎片没有被释放的情况)可以从内存中去除SGA碎片。不要在一个正在运行的数据库中运行ipcrm命令。
ipcrm命令
DESCRIPTION
The ipcrm utility shall remove zero or more message queues, semaphore sets, or shared mem-
ory segments. The interprocess communication facilities to be removed are specified by the
options.
Only a user with appropriate privilege shall be allowed to remove an interprocess communi-
cation facility that was not created by or owned by the user invoking ipcrm.
-q msgid --队列id
Remove the message queue identifier msgid from the system and destroy the message
queue and data structure associated with it.
-m shmid --共享内存id
Remove the shared memory identifier shmid from the system. The shared memory segment
and data structure associated with it shall be destroyed after the last detach.
-s semid --信号量id
Remove the semaphore identifier semid from the system and destroy the set of
semaphores and data structure associated with it.
比如ipcrm -m 2359299