sql exists和not exists用法
exists (sql 返回结果集,为真)
not exists (sql 不返回结果集,为真)
如下:
表A
ID NAME
1 A1
2 A2
3 A3
表B
ID AID NAME
1 1 B1
2 2 B2
3 2 B3
表A和表B是1对多的关系 A.ID => B.AID
SELECT ID,NAME FROM A WHERE EXIST (SELECT * FROM B WHERE A.ID=B.AID)
执行结果为
1 A1
2 A2
原因可以按照如下分析
SELECT ID,NAME FROM A WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM B WHERE B.AID=1)
---> SELECT * FROM B WHERE B.AID=1有值,返回真,所以有数据
SELECT ID,NAME FROM A WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM B WHERE B.AID=2)
---> SELECT * FROM B WHERE B.AID=2有值,返回真,所以有数据
SELECT ID,NAME FROM A WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM B WHERE B.AID=3)
---> SELECT * FROM B WHERE B.AID=3无值,返回假,所以没有数据
NOT EXISTS 就是反过来
SELECT ID,NAME FROM A WHERE NOT EXIST (SELECT * FROM B WHERE A.ID=B.AID)
执行结果为
3 A3
Exist与in用法的不同
第一个where条件必须给定字段(deptno), 第二个sql语句中,必须明确给定要查询的字段是哪个(deptno).
SQL> select empno,ename,deptno from scott.emp e where not exists(select * from scott.dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and d.deptno=10);
SQL> select empno,ename,deptno from scott.emp e where deptno not in(select deptno from scott.dept d where e.deptno=d.deptno and d.deptno=10);