CodeChef：Chef and Subarray Queries（线段树）

思路：求值在[L,R]之间的题目，往往转化成求[1,R]-[1,L-1]，然后这题用线段树处理，每个节点计算当前区间的答案，主要思考合并操作的写法，代码思路还是比较简单的。

# include <iostream>
# include <cstdio>
# define lson l,m,id<<1
# define rson m+1, r, id<<1|1
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
const int maxn = 5e5+30;
struct node
{
    int left, right, len;
    LL ans;
};
node a[maxn<<4], b[maxn<<4];
node merge(node &ta, node &tb)
{
    node res;
    res.ans = ta.ans + tb.ans;
    res.ans += 1LL*ta.right*tb.left;
    res.len = ta.len + tb.len;
    res.left = ta.left;
    res.right = tb.right;
    if(ta.left == ta.len) res.left += tb.left;
    if(tb.right == tb.len) res.right += ta.right;
    return res;
}
void build(node arr[], int l, int r, int id)
{
    if(l == r)
    {
        arr[id].left = arr[id].right = arr[id].len = 1;
        arr[id].ans = 1LL;
        return;
    }
    int m = l+r>>1;
    build(arr, lson);
    build(arr, rson);
    arr[id] = merge(arr[id<<1], arr[id<<1|1]);
}

void update(node arr[], int pos, int val, int l, int r, int id)
{
    if(l == r)
    {
        arr[id].ans = 1LL*val;
        arr[id].left = arr[id].right = val;
        return;
    }
    int m = l+r>>1;
    if(pos <= m) update(arr, pos, val, lson);
    else update(arr, pos, val, rson);
    arr[id] = merge(arr[id<<1], arr[id<<1|1]);
}

node query(node arr[], int L, int R, int l, int r, int id)
{
    if(L <= l && R >= r)
        return arr[id];
    int m = l+r>>1;
    node tl = {0,0,0,0}, tr = {0,0,0,0};
    if(L <= m) tl = query(arr, L, R, lson);
    if(R > m) tr = query(arr, L, R, rson);
    return merge(tl, tr);
}
int main()
{
    int n, q, l, r;
    scanf("%d%d%d%d",&n,&q,&l,&r);
    build(a, 1, n, 1);
    build(b, 1, n, 1);
    while(q--)
    {
        int op, x, y;
        scanf("%d%d%d",&op,&x,&y);
        if(op == 1)
        {
            if(y <= r) update(a, x, 1, 1, n, 1);
            else update(a, x, 0, 1, n, 1);
            if(y < l) update(b, x, 1, 1, n, 1);
            else update(b, x, 0, 1, n, 1);
        }
        else
        {
            LL ans = 0;
            ans = query(a, x, y, 1, n, 1).ans-query(b, x, y, 1, n, 1).ans;
            printf("%lld\n",ans);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}