linux上安装自己需要的python版本及常见错误

install python3 from linux package center

# install C++ tools
yum -y groupinstall 'Development Tools'
yum -y install pkgconfig

# start to install
yum install -y python36-devel python36-wheel

install python3 from source

使用脚本自动化安装

• 如果你想安装python3.8，建议安装python3.8.5，不建议python3.8.10
• linux系统上，建议使用源码安装，这样可以安装最新版本或者自己需要的版本。
• 源码安装。安装前，需要安装c/c++编译使用到的工具。 工具安装博客
• 安装依赖的module(ubuntu)

sudo apt-get install libbz2-dev libncurses5-dev libgdbm-dev liblzma-dev sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev openssl libssl-dev tcl8.6-dev tk8.6-dev libreadline-dev zlib1g-dev libgdbm-compat-dev libffi-dev

sudo yum -y update
sudo yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools"
sudo yum -y install lzma gdbm-devel bzip2-devel libffi-devel tkinter tk-devel libbz2-dev readline-devel  libsqlite3x-devel openssl-devel make
//confirm gcc is available，gcc version>=8.1
gcc --version

// install gcc version8.3

yum -y install centos-release-scl
yum -y install devtoolset-8-gcc devtoolset-8-gcc-c++ devtoolset-8-binutils
scl enable devtoolset-7 bash

需要注意的是scl命令启用只是临时的，退出shell或重启就会恢复原系统gcc版本。
如果要长期使用gcc 8.3的话：
echo "source /opt/rh/devtoolset-8/enable" >>/etc/profile

• c/c++ 编译工具安装完成后，就可以正常的源码安装了。
  1. ./configure --enable-optimizations
  2. make
  3. make install
• 安装过程，如果有遇到错误，可以参考本文下方总结的各种错误总结

errors

1. errors like : “can‘t decompress data; zlib not available”,when installing, there must be your computer have no libs. Operations as following:

sudo yum install zlib-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel readline-devel sqlite sqlite-devel openssl-devel xz xz-devel libffi-devel

2. errors like : “Could not import runpy module”, operations as following:

reson: 
It will show ths error when gcc version is less than 8.1.0 and with param "--enable-optimizations"

Solutions：
1、 update your gcc to 8.1.0 
2、./configure without --enable-optimizations

3. errors like “pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available”

other

0、install dependencies:

sudo yum -y install gcc libffi-devel  zlib*  bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite sqlite-devel readline-devel tk tk-devel gdbm gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel lzma xz xz-devel libuuid-devel libffi-devel

1、install libressl source from here ,;
2、compile and install

 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
sudo  make && make install

3、new or edit file: /etc/ld.so.conf.d/local.conf. Add a line “/usr/local/lib” （load the path to the module ）
4、reload the shared module :

sudo ldconfig -v

5、check success:

openssl version

6、 rebuild and install python from source

./configure
make && make install

7、update pip

pip install --upgrade pip

uninstall python3

#uninstall python3 
rpm -qa|grep python3|xargs rpm -ev --allmatches --nodeps
# remove residual files
whereis python3 |xargs rm -frv
# check success
whereis python3