《java性能优化权威指南》---- 第4章:JVM性能监控(JVM常用监控命令jinfo、jps、jmp、jstack、jstat)

一、jps (JVM Process Status Tool)

很多人都是用过linux系统里的ps命令,这个命令主要是用来显示当前系统的进程情况,有哪些进程以及进程id(pid)。

ps -ef | grep 'java'

同样,jps可以列出本机所有java进程的情况及进程id(pid)。

语法

[root@localhost bin]$ ./jps -help
illegal argument: --help
usage: jps [-help]
       jps [-q] [-mlvV] [<hostid>]

Definitions:
    <hostid>:      <hostname>[:<port>]
  • -q 仅输出VM标识符,不包括class name、jar name、arguments in main method
  • -m 输出main method的参数
  • -l 输出完全的包名,应用主类名,jar的完全路径名
  • -v 输出jvm参数
  • -V 输出通过flag文件传递到JVM中的参数(.hotspotrc文件或-XX:Flags=所指定的文件)

例子:

二、jinfo (Java Configuration Info)

jinfo是JDK自带的命令,可以用来查看正在运行的 java 应用程序的扩展参数,包括Java System属性和JVM命令行参数;也可以动态的修改正在运行的JVM一些参数。当系统崩溃时,jinfo可以从core文件里面知道崩溃的Java应用程序的配置信息。

语法:

[root@localhost bin]$ ./jinfo -help
Usage:
    jinfo [option] <pid>
        (to connect to running process)
    jinfo [option] <executable <core>
        (to connect to a core file)
    jinfo [option] [server_id@]<remote server IP or hostname>
        (to connect to remote debug server)

where <option> is one of:
    -flag <name>         to print the value of the named VM flag
    -flag [+|-]<name>    to enable or disable the named VM flag
    -flag <name>=<value> to set the named VM flag to the given value
    -flags               to print VM flags
    -sysprops            to print Java system properties
    <no option>          to print both of the above
    -h | -help           to print this help message

例子:

jinfo具体用法示例参考:https://www.jianshu.com/p/8d8aef212b25

三、jstat (JVM Statistics Monitoring Tool)

jstat是用于监控虚拟机各种运行状态信息的命令行工具。他可以显示本地或远程虚拟机进程中的类装载、内存、垃圾收集、JIT编译等运行数据,在没有GUI图形的服务器上,它是运行期定位虚拟机性能问题的首选工具。Jstat是轻量级的、专门针对JVM的工具,非常适用。

语法:

[root@localhost bin]./jstat -help
Usage: jstat -help|-options
       jstat -<option> [-t] [-h<lines>] <vmid> [<interval> [<count>]]

Definitions:
  <option>      An option reported by the -options option
  <vmid>        Virtual Machine Identifier. A vmid takes the following form:
                     <lvmid>[@<hostname>[:<port>]]
                Where <lvmid> is the local vm identifier for the target
                Java virtual machine, typically a process id; <hostname> is
                the name of the host running the target Java virtual machine;
                and <port> is the port number for the rmiregistry on the
                target host. See the jvmstat documentation for a more complete
                description of the Virtual Machine Identifier.
  <lines>       Number of samples between header lines.
  <interval>    Sampling interval. The following forms are allowed:
                    <n>["ms"|"s"]
                Where <n> is an integer and the suffix specifies the units as 
                milliseconds("ms") or seconds("s"). The default units are "ms".
  <count>       Number of samples to take before terminating.
  -J<flag>      Pass <flag> directly to the runtime system.
  • option 可以从下面参数中选择:
    • -class 显示ClassLoad的相关信息;
    • -compiler 显示JIT编译的相关信息;
    • -gc 显示和gc相关的堆信息;
    • -gccapacity    显示各个代的容量以及使用情况;
    • -gccause 显示垃圾回收的相关信息(通-gcutil),同时显示最后一次或当前正在发生的垃圾回收的诱因;
    • -gcnew 显示新生代信息;
    • -gcnewcapacity 显示新生代大小和使用情况;
    • -gcold 显示老年代和永久代的信息;
    • -gcoldcapacity 显示老年代的大小;
    • -gcpermcapacity 显示永久代的大小;
    • -gcutil   显示垃圾收集信息;
    • -printcompilation输出JIT编译的方法信息;
  • -t 可以在打印的列加上Timestamp列,用于显示系统运行的时间
  • -h 可以在周期性数据数据的时候,可以在指定输出多少行以后输出一次表头
  • interval 执行每次的间隔时间,单位为毫秒
  • count 用于指定输出多少次记录,缺省则会一直打印

例子:

jstat具体用法示例参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/parryyang/p/5772484.html

四、jstack (Java Stack Trace)

jstack用于生成java虚拟机当前时刻的线程快照。线程快照是当前java虚拟机内每一条线程正在执行的方法堆栈的集合,生成线程快照的主要目的是定位线程出现长时间停顿的原因,如线程间死锁、死循环、请求外部资源导致的长时间等待等。

语法:

./jstack -help
Usage:
    jstack [-l] <pid>
        (to connect to running process)
    jstack -F [-m] [-l] <pid>
        (to connect to a hung process)
    jstack [-m] [-l] <executable> <core>
        (to connect to a core file)
    jstack [-m] [-l] [server_id@]<remote server IP or hostname>
        (to connect to a remote debug server)

Options:
    -F  to force a thread dump. Use when jstack <pid> does not respond (process is hung)
    -m  to print both java and native frames (mixed mode)
    -l  long listing. Prints additional information about locks
    -h or -help to print this help message

例子:

jstack具体用法示例参考:https://www.jianshu.com/p/8d5782bc596e

五、jmap (Java Memory Map)

jmap可以获得运行中的jvm的堆的快照,从而可以离线分析堆,以检查内存泄漏,检查一些严重影响性能的大对象的创建,检查系统中什么对象最多,各种对象所占内存的大小等等。

语法:

[root@localhost bin]$ ./jmap -help
Usage:
    jmap [option] <pid>
        (to connect to running process)
    jmap [option] <executable <core>
        (to connect to a core file)
    jmap [option] [server_id@]<remote server IP or hostname>
        (to connect to remote debug server)

where <option> is one of:
    <none>               to print same info as Solaris pmap
    -heap                to print java heap summary
    -histo[:live]        to print histogram of java object heap; if the "live"
                         suboption is specified, only count live objects
    -permstat            to print permanent generation statistics
    -finalizerinfo       to print information on objects awaiting finalization
    -dump:<dump-options> to dump java heap in hprof binary format
                         dump-options:
                           live         dump only live objects; if not specified,
                                        all objects in the heap are dumped.
                           format=b     binary format
                           file=<file>  dump heap to <file>
                         Example: jmap -dump:live,format=b,file=heap.bin <pid>
    -F                   force. Use with -dump:<dump-options> <pid> or -histo
                         to force a heap dump or histogram when <pid> does not
                         respond. The "live" suboption is not supported
                         in this mode.
    -h | -help           to print this help message
    -J<flag>             to pass <flag> directly to the runtime system

例子:

jmap具体用法示例参考:https://www.jb51.net/article/201435.htm

六、jhat (Java Heap Analyse Tool)

jhat,是一个用来分析java的堆情况的命令。之前的文章讲到过,使用jmap可以生成Java堆的Dump文件。生成dump文件之后就可以用jhat命令,将dump文件转成html的形式,然后通过http访问可以查看堆情况。

语法:

./jhat -help
Usage:  jhat [-stack <bool>] [-refs <bool>] [-port <port>] [-baseline <file>] [-debug <int>] [-version] [-h|-help] <file>

        -J<flag>          Pass <flag> directly to the runtime system. For
                          example, -J-mx512m to use a maximum heap size of 512MB
        -stack false:     Turn off tracking object allocation call stack.
        -refs false:      Turn off tracking of references to objects
        -port <port>:     Set the port for the HTTP server.  Defaults to 7000
        -exclude <file>:  Specify a file that lists data members that should
                          be excluded from the reachableFrom query.
        -baseline <file>: Specify a baseline object dump.  Objects in
                          both heap dumps with the same ID and same class will
                          be marked as not being "new".
        -debug <int>:     Set debug level.
                            0:  No debug output
                            1:  Debug hprof file parsing
                            2:  Debug hprof file parsing, no server
        -version          Report version number
        -h|-help          Print this help and exit
        <file>            The file to read

For a dump file that contains multiple heap dumps,
you may specify which dump in the file
by appending "#<number>" to the file name, i.e. "foo.hprof#3".

All boolean options default to "true"

例子:

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