nginx开源安装以及常用操作配置

时间记录：2019-6-27
nginx [engine x]是一个HTTP和反向代理服务器，一个邮件代理服务器和一个通用的TCP/UDP代理服务器。使用的最多的最常见的就是反向代理服务器，首先我们需要知道nginx的基本安装和基本操作，其次了解其如何配置反向代理。nginx分为nginx开源和nginx plus(收费)，部分我们需要学习它，从开源版就可以了。
nginx文档（个人找到的比较清楚的）
nginx开源安装(1.17版本)
配置yum源

/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
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[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
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nginx.repo需要创建
配置完成后执行
yum install -y nginx

启动验证安装

nginx
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curl-I 127.0.0.1:80
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.17.1
Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2019 15:06:08 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Tue, 25 Jun 2019 13:30:59 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5d122213-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

nginx基本启动等操作

nginx -h
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nginx version: nginx/1.17.1
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]

Options:
  -?,-h         : this help
  -v            : show version and exit
  -V            : show version and configure options then exit
  -t            : test configuration and exit
  -T            : test configuration, dump it and exit
  -q            : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing
  -s signal     : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload
  -p prefix     : set prefix path (default: /etc/nginx/)
  -c filename   : set configuration file (default: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf)
  -g directives : set global directives out of configuration file
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nginx关闭：nginx -s stop/ nginx -s quit
nginx重加载：nginx -s reload

注意：这里是通过进程信号的方式（signal），会在启动时生成 /var/run/nginx.pid 文件，在关闭的时候此文件清除

nginx的服务配置
nginx的配置文件在 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 下，这里简单配置一个spring boot 的服务代理

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;
       
    #gzip  on;

    server {
    	    listen 9090; // 监听的端口，用于访问
    	    server_name 192.168.141.129; // 访问的域名,本机地址

    	    location / {
    	    	       proxy_pass http://10.0.41.80:8080; //被代理的服务
    	    }
    }
 
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

修改配置后重新加载配置启动

nginx -s reload

spring boot 服务，简单的hello

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class Hello {
    
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {

        return "hello";
    }
}
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application.properties

server.port=8080
server.servlet.context-path=/v1

打开浏览器访问 http://192.168.141.129:9090/v1/hello

hello

总结： 这里只是初步的接触和认识nginx的使用，在实际的使用中需要配置负载均衡，选在负载均衡的均衡方法，还有nginx中的cookie,session等问题，需要深入实践。

时间记录：2019-6-27