Spring AOP

Aspect-oriented Spring

cross-cutting concern：a cross-cutting concern can be described as any functionality that affects multiple points of an application：交叉问题的定义，如图所示

AOP术语：

• Advice：What & When ；可以理解为一个任务，什么时候要干的一个事情
• pointcuts：where；帮助缩小Join points的范围，确定到底在哪些地方加入aspect

•  Join Point：

  A join point is a point in the execution of the application where an aspect can be plugged in：
  1. a method being called
  2.an exception being thrown
  3.a field being modified.

   
• ASPECTS：总和=Advice + pointcuts
  
• INTRODUCTIONS：在不改变类的前提下，给现有的类增加新的方法和属性。
• WEAVING：是将Aspects增加到现在对象中，创建新的代理对象的过程。这个过程可以在几个时间点发生：编译期；类记载时期；运行时；spring的 aop 是在运行时完成

AOP技术分类：

• AspectJ (http://eclipse.org/aspectj) 
•  JBoss AOP (http://www.jboss.org/jbossaop)
• Spring AOP (http://www.springframework.org) ：只限于方法method的注入，如果需要字段和构造函数的注入，则需要运用AspectJ等框架的特殊语言

 spring支持的pointcuts：spring的AOP是基于代理的AOP，其能力有限，支持下面的pointcuts：

• 其中，在所有上述的指示符中（designators），只有execution是真正去匹配的pointcus的，其它的指示符都是用于限制范围的。
• 所以在编程中，我们首要要关心的就是execution，如下例子：
  
• bean指示符：用于限定在某个特定ID的bean中
   

Spring aop 命名空间

• 旧式的基于ProxyFactoryBean的用法
• 新的基于XML的配置方法：
  具体例子如下：

  public class Audience {
  public void takeSeats() {
  System.out.println("The audience is taking their seats.");
  }
  public void turnOffCellPhones() {
  System.out.println("The audience is turning off their cellphones");
  }
  public void applaud() {
  System.out.println("CLAP CLAP CLAP CLAP CLAP");
  }
  public void demandRefund() {
  System.out.println("Boo! We want our money back!");
  }
  }
  <bean id="audience" class="com.springinaction.springidol.Audience" />
  <aop:config>
  <aop:aspect ref="audience">
  <aop:before pointcut=
  "execution(* com.springinaction.springidol.Performer.perform(..))"
  method="takeSeats" />
  <aop:before pointcut=
  "execution(* com.springinaction.springidol.Performer.perform(..))"
  method="turnOffCellPhones" />
  <aop:after-returning pointcut=
  "execution(* com.springinaction.springidol.Performer.perform(..))"
  method="applaud" />
  <aop:after-throwing pointcut=
  "execution(* com.springinaction.springidol.Performer.perform(..))"
  method="demandRefund" />
  </aop:aspect>
  </aop:config>

• around方法：该方法中应该能做很多事情，例如权限检查，日志等：

  public void watchPerformance(ProceedingJoinPoint joinpoint) {
  try {
  System.out.println("The audience is taking their seats.");
  System.out.println("The audience is turning off their cellphones");
  long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
  joinpoint.proceed();
  long end = System.currentTimeMillis();   
  System.out.println("CLAP CLAP CLAP CLAP CLAP");
  System.out.println("The performance took " + (end - start)
  + " milliseconds.");
  } catch (Throwable t) {
  System.out.println("Boo! We want our money back!");
  }
  }
  
  <aop:config>
  <aop:aspect ref="audience">
  <aop:pointcut id="performance2" expression=
  "execution(* com.springinaction.springidol.Performer.perform(..))"
  />
  <aop:around
  pointcut-ref="performance2"
  method="watchPerformance()" />
  </aop:aspect>
  </aop:config>

   

 传递参数：Nevertheless, there are times when it may be useful for advice to not only wrap a method, but also inspect the values of the parameters passed to that method

• 探测被注入的方法的参数

 增加新的方法：INTRODUCTIONS

• <aop:aspect>
  <aop:declare-parents
  types-matching="com.springinaction.springidol.Performer+"
  implement-interface="com.springinaction.springidol.Contestant"
  default-impl="com.springinaction.springidol.GraciousContestant"
  />
  </aop:aspect>

   
• As its name implies, <aop:declare-parents> declares that the beans it advises will have new parents in its object hierarchy.

基于注解的AOP

•  <aop:aspectj-autoproxy />  ：用于注册AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator

  <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/> will create an AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator in the Spring context and will automatically proxy beans whose methods
  match the pointcuts defined with @Pointcut annotations in @Aspect-annotated beans.

   

  @Aspect
  public class Audience {
  @Pointcut(
  "execution(* com.springinaction.springidol.Performer.perform(..))")
  public void performance() {
  }
  @Before("performance()")
  public void takeSeats() {
  System.out.println("The audience is taking their seats.");
  }
  @Before("performance()")
  public void turnOffCellPhones() {
  System.out.println("The audience is turning off their cellphones");
  }
  @AfterReturning("performance()")
  public void applaud() {
  System.out.println("CLAP CLAP CLAP CLAP CLAP");
  }
  @AfterThrowing("performance()")
  public void demandRefund() {
  System.out.println("Boo! We want our money back!");
  }
  }