在maven web项目的基础上搭建SpringMvc

一、在pom文件中添加spring和springmvc的相关依赖

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>*****</groupId>
  <artifactId>*****</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>rural Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
      <spring.version>5.0.7.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>


  <dependencies>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.0</version>
    </dependency>

<!-- spring和springMVC核心依赖包开始 -->

     <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

     <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

<!-- spring和springMVC核心依赖包结束 -->

  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>*****</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

如果页面使用JSP，还需要加入JSP标签库依赖

<dependency>  
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>  
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>  
        <version>1.2</version>  
    </dependency>

二、在web.xml中配置servlet相关信息

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" 
    id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">

    <!-- 这里配置spring 的后台servlet -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!-- 指定spring配置文件的路径 -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!-- 拦截所有请求，可以修改 -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!-- filter 字符串过滤器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>

    <display-name></display-name>

</web-app>

三、添加SpringMVC配置文件spring-applicationContext.xml（在web.xml中指定）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"  
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context   
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd">

    <!-- 激活@Controller模式 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <!-- 配扫描。对web包中的所有类进行扫描，以完成Bean创建和自动依赖注入的功能 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.rural.*.web" />

    <!-- 配注解。启动Spring MVC的注解功能，完成请求和注解POJO的映射 -->
    <!-- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/> -->

    <!-- 视图解析器 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>

    <!-- 设置仅有下面路径(location)的资源可以直接访问（其他路径的资源都需要通过action访问） -->
    <mvc:resources location="/WEB-INF/js/" mapping="/js/**" />
    <mvc:resources location="/WEB-INF/css/" mapping="/css/**" />
    <mvc:resources location="/WEB-INF/images/" mapping="/images/**" />

</beans>

四、编写测试action

/**
 * 测试
 *
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("tc")
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping("he")
    public String hello (){
        return "index";
    }

}

五、结果