@property装饰器

@property最大的好处就是在类中把一个方法变成属性调用，起到既能检查属性，还能用属性的方式来访问该属性的作用

class类直接将属性暴露给外界是非常不建议的!!!

普通方法

class student(object):
    def __init__(self, name='', grade=0):
    	self._name = name
        self._grade = grade
    # 获取名字
    def getName(self):
        return self._name
    # 获取成绩
    def getGrade(self):
        return self._grade
    # 设置姓名
    def setName(self, name):
        self._name = name
    # 对成绩做判定
    def setGrade(self, grade):
        if not isinstance(grade, int):
        	raise ValueError('grade must be an integer!')
       	if grade < 0 or grade > 100:
       		raise ValueError('grade must between 0 ~ 100!')
		self._grade = grade
	def runPaper(self):
        print('%s的考试成绩是%s' % (self.name, self.grade))

if __name__ == '__main__':
	xiaomin = student()
    xiaomin.setName('小明')
    print(xiaomin.getName())
    try:
    	xiaomin.setGrade(101)
    except ValueError as e:
        print(e)
    print(xiaomin.getGrade())
    xiaomin.runPaper() 
    '''
	小明
	grade must between 0 ~ 100!
	0
	小明的考试成绩是0
	'''

if __name__ == '__main__':
	xiaomin = student()
    xiaomin.setName('小明')
    print(xiaomin.getName())
	try:
        xiaomin.setGrade(99)
    except ValueError as e:
        print(e)
    print(xiaomin.getGrade())
    xiaomin.runPaper() 
    '''
    小明
    99
	小明的考试成绩是99
	'''

@property用法

定义只读属性，只定义getter方法，不定义setter方法就是一个只读属性，比如下方的name属性

class student(object):
    def __init__(self, name='', grade=0):
        self._name = name
        self._grade = grade
    # 修饰器 getter
    @property
    def name(self):
        return self._name
	@property
    def grade(self):
        return self._grade

	# 对成绩做判定
    @grade.setter
    def grade(self, grade):
        if not isinstance(grade, int):
        	raise ValueError('grade must be an integer!')
       	if grade < 0 or grade > 100:
       		raise ValueError('grade must between 0 ~ 100!')
        self._grade = grade
	def runPaper(self):
		print('%s的考试成绩是%s' % (self._name, self._grade))

if __name__ == '__main__':
	xiaomin = student()
	# 没有setter修饰器 所以报错
    xiaomin.name = '小明' #can't set attribute

if __name__ == '__main__':
	xiaomin = student('小明')
	print(xiaomin.name)
	try:
	    xiaomin.grade = 101
	except ValueError as e:
        print(e)
    print(xiaomin.grade)
    xiaomin.runPaper()
    '''
	小明
	grade must between 0 ~ 100!
	0
	小明的考试成绩是0
	'''

if __name__ == '__main__':
	xiaomin = student('小明')
	print(xiaomin.name)
	try:
	    xiaomin.grade = 99
	except ValueError as e:
        print(e)
    print(xiaomin.grade)
    xiaomin.runPaper()
    '''
	小明
	99
	小明的考试成绩是99
	'''

注意如果直接将属性名作为函数名，那么属性必须设置为私有属性，否则在用s.grade时，不知道调用函数，还是调用属性，就会犯RecursionError: maximum recursion depth exceeded in comparison错误