上篇文章中,我们构建了一个简单的日志系统。接下来,我们将丰富它:能够使用不同的severity来监听不同等级的log。比如我们希望只有error的log才保存到磁盘上。
1. Bindings绑定
上篇文章中我们是这么做的绑定:
channel.queue_bind(exchange=exchange_name, queue=queue_name)
绑定其实就是关联了exchange和queue。或者这么说:queue对exchagne的内容感兴趣,exchange要把它的Message deliver到queue中。
实际上,绑定可以带routing_key 这个参数。其实这个参数的名称和basic_publish 的参数名是相同了。为了避免混淆,我们把它成为binding key。
使用一个key来创建binding :
channel.queue_bind(exchange=exchange_name, queue=queue_name, routing_key='black')
对于fanout的exchange来说,这个参数是被忽略的。
2. Direct exchange
Direct exchange的路由算法非常简单:通过binding key的完全匹配,可以通过下图来说明。
![RabbitMQ消息队列(五):Routing 消息路由](http://www.rabbitmq.com/img/tutorials/direct-exchange.png)
exchange X和两个queue绑定在一起。Q1的binding key是orange。Q2的binding key是black和green。
当P publish key是orange时,exchange会把它放到Q1。如果是black或者green那么就会到Q2。其余的Message都会被丢弃。
3. Multiple bindings
![RabbitMQ消息队列(五):Routing 消息路由](http://www.rabbitmq.com/img/tutorials/direct-exchange-multiple.png)
4. Emitting logs
首先是我们要创建一个direct的exchange:
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', type='direct')
我们将使用log的severity作为routing key,这样Consumer可以针对不同severity的log进行不同的处理。
publish:
channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs', routing_key=severity, body=message)
我们使用三种severity:’info’, ‘warning’, ‘error’.
5. Subscribing
对于queue,我们需要绑定severity:
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) queue_name = result.method.queue for severity in severities: channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=severity)
6. 最终版本
![RabbitMQ消息队列(五):Routing 消息路由](http://www.rabbitmq.com/img/tutorials/python-four.png)
The code for emit_log_direct.py:
#!/usr/bin/env python import pika import sys connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost')) channel = connection.channel() channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', type='direct') severity = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info' message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!' channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs', routing_key=severity, body=message) print " [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message) connection.close()
The code for receive_logs_direct.py:
#!/usr/bin/env python import pika import sys connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost')) channel = connection.channel() channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', type='direct') result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) queue_name = result.method.queue severities = sys.argv[1:] if not severities: print >> sys.stderr, "Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error]" % / (sys.argv[0],) sys.exit(1) for severity in severities: channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=severity) print ' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C' def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print " [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body,) channel.basic_consume(callback, queue=queue_name, no_ack=True) channel.start_consuming()
我们想把warning和error的log记录到一个文件中:
$ python receive_logs_direct.py warning error > logs_from_rabbit.log
打印所有log到屏幕:
$ python receive_logs_direct.py info warning error [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C
参考资料:
1. http://www.rabbitmq.com/tutorials/tutorial-four-python.html
2. http://blog.csdn.net/anzhsoft/article/details/19630147