FMPEG结构体分析：AVCodec

本文转自 http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020/article/details/14215833 缅怀伟大的雷博士

AVCodec是存储编码器信息的结构体.结构体定义位于avcodec.h文件中

/**
 * AVCodec.
 */
typedef struct AVCodec {
    /**
     * Name of the codec implementation.
     * The name is globally unique among encoders and among decoders (but an
     * encoder and a decoder can share the same name).
     * This is the primary way to find a codec from the user perspective.
     */
    const char *name;
    /**
     * Descriptive name for the codec, meant to be more human readable than name.
     * You should use the NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL() macro to define it.
     */
    const char *long_name;
    enum AVMediaType type;
    enum AVCodecID id;
    /**
     * Codec capabilities.
     * see AV_CODEC_CAP_*
     */
    int capabilities;
    const AVRational *supported_framerates; ///< array of supported framerates, or NULL if any, array is terminated by {0,0}
    const enum AVPixelFormat *pix_fmts;     ///< array of supported pixel formats, or NULL if unknown, array is terminated by -1
    const int *supported_samplerates;       ///< array of supported audio samplerates, or NULL if unknown, array is terminated by 0
    const enum AVSampleFormat *sample_fmts; ///< array of supported sample formats, or NULL if unknown, array is terminated by -1
    const uint64_t *channel_layouts;         ///< array of support channel layouts, or NULL if unknown. array is terminated by 0
    uint8_t max_lowres;                     ///< maximum value for lowres supported by the decoder, no direct access, use av_codec_get_max_lowres()
    const AVClass *priv_class;              ///< AVClass for the private context
    const AVProfile *profiles;              ///< array of recognized profiles, or NULL if unknown, array is terminated by {FF_PROFILE_UNKNOWN}

    /*****************************************************************
     * No fields below this line are part of the public API. They
     * may not be used outside of libavcodec and can be changed and
     * removed at will.
     * New public fields should be added right above.
     *****************************************************************
     */
    int priv_data_size;
    struct AVCodec *next;
    /**
     * @name Frame-level threading support functions
     * @{
     */
    /**
     * If defined, called on thread contexts when they are created.
     * If the codec allocates writable tables in init(), re-allocate them here.
     * priv_data will be set to a copy of the original.
     */
    int (*init_thread_copy)(AVCodecContext *);
    /**
     * Copy necessary context variables from a previous thread context to the current one.
     * If not defined, the next thread will start automatically; otherwise, the codec
     * must call ff_thread_finish_setup().
     *
     * dst and src will (rarely) point to the same context, in which case memcpy should be skipped.
     */
    int (*update_thread_context)(AVCodecContext *dst, const AVCodecContext *src);
    /** @} */

    /**
     * Private codec-specific defaults.
     */
    const AVCodecDefault *defaults;

    /**
     * Initialize codec static data, called from avcodec_register().
     */
    void (*init_static_data)(struct AVCodec *codec);

    int (*init)(AVCodecContext *);
    int (*encode_sub)(AVCodecContext *, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size,
                      const struct AVSubtitle *sub);
    /**
     * Encode data to an AVPacket.
     *
     * @param      avctx          codec context
     * @param      avpkt          output AVPacket (may contain a user-provided buffer)
     * @param[in]  frame          AVFrame containing the raw data to be encoded
     * @param[out] got_packet_ptr encoder sets to 0 or 1 to indicate that a
     *                            non-empty packet was returned in avpkt.
     * @return 0 on success, negative error code on failure
     */
    int (*encode2)(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *avpkt, const AVFrame *frame,
                   int *got_packet_ptr);
    int (*decode)(AVCodecContext *, void *outdata, int *outdata_size, AVPacket *avpkt);
    int (*close)(AVCodecContext *);
    /**
     * Decode/encode API with decoupled packet/frame dataflow. The API is the
     * same as the avcodec_ prefixed APIs (avcodec_send_frame() etc.), except
     * that:
     * - never called if the codec is closed or the wrong type,
     * - AVPacket parameter change side data is applied right before calling
     *   AVCodec->send_packet,
     * - if AV_CODEC_CAP_DELAY is not set, drain packets or frames are never sent,
     * - only one drain packet is ever passed down (until the next flush()),
     * - a drain AVPacket is always NULL (no need to check for avpkt->size).
     */
    int (*send_frame)(AVCodecContext *avctx, const AVFrame *frame);
    int (*send_packet)(AVCodecContext *avctx, const AVPacket *avpkt);
    int (*receive_frame)(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVFrame *frame);
    int (*receive_packet)(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *avpkt);
    /**
     * Flush buffers.
     * Will be called when seeking
     */
    void (*flush)(AVCodecContext *);
    /**
     * Internal codec capabilities.
     * See FF_CODEC_CAP_* in internal.h
     */
    int caps_internal;
} AVCodec;

const char* name: 编解码器的名字，比较短

const char* long_name: 编解码器的名字，全称。

enum AVMediaType type: 指明了类型，是音频，视频学是字幕

enum AVCodecID id:  用于标明ID，不重复。

const AVRational* supported_framerates: 支持的帧率(仅视频)

const int *supported_samplerates: 支持的采样率(仅音频)

const enum AVSampleFormat *sample_fmts: 支持的采样格式（仅音频）

const uint64_t *channel_layouts: 支持的声道数(仅音频）

int priv_data_size: 私有数据的大小

 一般情况下，遍历ffmpeg中的解码器信息的步骤为：

1、注册所有编解码器: av_register_all()

2、声明一个AvCodec类型的指针，比如说AVCodec* first_c;

3、调用av_codec_next(const AVCodec *c)函数，即可获得指向链表下一个解码器的指针，循环可以获得所有解码器的信息。

如果想要得到第一个解码器的指针，可以调用av_code_next(NULL).