ffmpeg结构体（5）-之AVCodec及其相关函数

AVCodec是存储编解码器信息的结构体。本文将会详细分析一下该结构体里每个变量的含义和作用。

1、AVCodec数据结构定义

AVCodec位于libavcodec\codec.h文件中，结构体定义如下：

/**
 * AVCodec.
 */
typedef struct AVCodec {
    /**
     * Name of the codec implementation.
     * The name is globally unique among encoders and among decoders (but an
     * encoder and a decoder can share the same name).
     * This is the primary way to find a codec from the user perspective.
     */
    const char *name;
    /**
     * Descriptive name for the codec, meant to be more human readable than name.
     * You should use the NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL() macro to define it.
     */
    const char *long_name;
    enum AVMediaType type;
    enum AVCodecID id;
    /**
     * Codec capabilities.
     * see AV_CODEC_CAP_*
     */
    int capabilities;
    const AVRational *supported_framerates; ///< array of supported framerates, or NULL if any, array is terminated by {0,0}
    const enum AVPixelFormat *pix_fmts;     ///< array of supported pixel formats, or NULL if unknown, array is terminated by -1
    const int *supported_samplerates;       ///< array of supported audio samplerates, or NULL if unknown, array is terminated by 0
    const enum AVSampleFormat *sample_fmts; ///< array of supported sample formats, or NULL if unknown, array is terminated by -1
    const uint64_t *channel_layouts;         ///< array of support channel layouts, or NULL if unknown. array is terminated by 0
    uint8_t max_lowres;                     ///< maximum value for lowres supported by the decoder
    const AVClass *priv_class;              ///< AVClass for the private context
    const AVProfile *profiles;              ///< array of recognized profiles, or NULL if unknown, array is terminated by {FF_PROFILE_UNKNOWN}

    /**
     * Group name of the codec implementation.
     * This is a short symbolic name of the wrapper backing this codec. A
     * wrapper uses some kind of external implementation for the codec, such
     * as an external library, or a codec implementation provided by the OS or
     * the hardware.
     * If this field is NULL, this is a builtin, libavcodec native codec.
     * If non-NULL, this will be the suffix in AVCodec.name in most cases
     * (usually AVCodec.name will be of the form "<codec_name>_<wrapper_name>").
     */
    const char *wrapper_name;

    /*****************************************************************
     * No fields below this line are part of the public API. They
     * may not be used outside of libavcodec and can be changed and
     * removed at will.
     * New public fields should be added right above.
     *****************************************************************
     */
    int priv_data_size;
#if FF_API_NEXT
    struct AVCodec *next;
#endif
    /**
     * @name Frame-level threading support functions
     * @{
     */
    /**
     * Copy necessary context variables from a previous thread context to the current one.
     * If not defined, the next thread will start automatically; otherwise, the codec
     * must call ff_thread_finish_setup().
     *
     * dst and src will (rarely) point to the same context, in which case memcpy should be skipped.
     */
    int (*update_thread_context)(struct AVCodecContext *dst, const struct AVCodecContext *src);
    /** @} */

    /**
     * Private codec-specific defaults.
     */
    const AVCodecDefault *defaults;

    /**
     * Initialize codec static data, called from avcodec_register().
     *
     * This is not intended for time consuming operations as it is
     * run for every codec regardless of that codec being used.
     */
    void (*init_static_data)(struct AVCodec *codec);

    int (*init)(struct AVCodecContext *);
    int (*encode_sub)(struct AVCodecContext *, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size,
                      const struct AVSubtitle *sub);
    /**
     * Encode data to an AVPacket.
     *
     * @param      avctx          codec context
     * @param      avpkt          output AVPacket (may contain a user-provided buffer)
     * @param[in]  frame          AVFrame containing the raw data to be encoded
     * @param[out] got_packet_ptr encoder sets to 0 or 1 to indicate that a
     *                            non-empty packet was returned in avpkt.
     * @return 0 on success, negative error code on failure
     */
    int (*encode2)(struct AVCodecContext *avctx, struct AVPacket *avpkt,
                   const struct AVFrame *frame, int *got_packet_ptr);
    int (*decode)(struct AVCodecContext *, void *outdata, int *outdata_size, struct AVPacket *avpkt);
    int (*close)(struct AVCodecContext *);
    /**
     * Encode API with decoupled frame/packet dataflow. This function is called
     * to get one output packet. It should call ff_encode_get_frame() to obtain
     * input data.
     */
    int (*receive_packet)(struct AVCodecContext *avctx, struct AVPacket *avpkt);

    /**
     * Decode API with decoupled packet/frame dataflow. This function is called
     * to get one output frame. It should call ff_decode_get_packet() to obtain
     * input data.
     */
    int (*receive_frame)(struct AVCodecContext *avctx, struct AVFrame *frame);
    /**
     * Flush buffers.
     * Will be called when seeking
     */
    void (*flush)(struct AVCodecContext *);
    /**
     * Internal codec capabilities.
     * See FF_CODEC_CAP_* in internal.h
     */
    int caps_internal;

    /**
     * Decoding only, a comma-separated list of bitstream filters to apply to
     * packets before decoding.
     */
    const char *bsfs;

    /**
     * Array of pointers to hardware configurations supported by the codec,
     * or NULL if no hardware supported.  The array is terminated by a NULL
     * pointer.
     *
     * The user can only access this field via avcodec_get_hw_config().
     */
    const struct AVCodecHWConfigInternal *const *hw_configs;

    /**
     * List of supported codec_tags, terminated by FF_CODEC_TAGS_END.
     */
    const uint32_t *codec_tags;
} AVCodec;

2、AVCodec常见变量及其作用

AVCodec结构体中的关键变量

    const char *name;//编码器的名字，比较短。在编码器和解码器之间是全局唯一的。
    const char *long_name;//编码器的名字，全称，比较长
    enum AVMediaType type;//指明了类型，是视频，音频还是字幕
    enum AVCodecID id;
    int capabilities;
    const AVRational *supported_framerates; //支持的帧率，仅视频
    const enum AVPixelFormat *pix_fmts;     //支持的像素格式，仅视频
    const int *supported_samplerates;       //支持的采样率，仅音频
    const enum AVSampleFormat *sample_fmts; //支持的采样格式，仅音频
    const uint64_t *channel_layouts;         //支持的声道数，仅音频
    int priv_data_size;//私有数据的大小
    //初始化编解码器静态数据，从avcodec_register（）调用。
    void (*init_static_data)(struct AVCodec *codec);

enum AVMediaType type;//指明了类型，是视频，音频还是字幕
AVMediaType定义如下：

enum AVMediaType {
    AVMEDIA_TYPE_UNKNOWN = -1,  ///< Usually treated as AVMEDIA_TYPE_DATA
    AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO,
    AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO,
    AVMEDIA_TYPE_DATA,          ///< Opaque data information usually continuous
    AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE,
    AVMEDIA_TYPE_ATTACHMENT,    ///< Opaque data information usually sparse
    AVMEDIA_TYPE_NB
};

enum AVCodecID id;
AVCodecID定义如下：

enum AVCodecID {
    AV_CODEC_ID_NONE,
 
    /* video codecs */
    AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO,
    AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO, ///< preferred ID for MPEG-1/2 video decoding
    AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO_XVMC,
    AV_CODEC_ID_H261,
    AV_CODEC_ID_H263,
    AV_CODEC_ID_RV10,
    AV_CODEC_ID_RV20,
    AV_CODEC_ID_MJPEG,
    AV_CODEC_ID_MJPEGB,
    AV_CODEC_ID_LJPEG,
    AV_CODEC_ID_SP5X,
    AV_CODEC_ID_JPEGLS,
    AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG4,
    AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO,
    AV_CODEC_ID_MSMPEG4V1,
    AV_CODEC_ID_MSMPEG4V2,
    AV_CODEC_ID_MSMPEG4V3,
    AV_CODEC_ID_WMV1,
    AV_CODEC_ID_WMV2,
    AV_CODEC_ID_H263P,
    AV_CODEC_ID_H263I,
    AV_CODEC_ID_FLV1,
    AV_CODEC_ID_SVQ1,
    AV_CODEC_ID_SVQ3,
    AV_CODEC_ID_DVVIDEO,
    AV_CODEC_ID_HUFFYUV,
    AV_CODEC_ID_CYUV,
    AV_CODEC_ID_H264,
    ...（代码太长，略）
}

const enum AVPixelFormat *pix_fmts; //支持的像素格式，仅视频
AVPixelFormat定义如下：

enum AVPixelFormat {
    AV_PIX_FMT_NONE = -1,
    AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P,   ///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 12bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples)
    AV_PIX_FMT_YUYV422,   ///< packed YUV 4:2:2, 16bpp, Y0 Cb Y1 Cr
    AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24,     ///< packed RGB 8:8:8, 24bpp, RGBRGB...
    AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24,     ///< packed RGB 8:8:8, 24bpp, BGRBGR...
    AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P,   ///< planar YUV 4:2:2, 16bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples)
    AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P,   ///< planar YUV 4:4:4, 24bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y samples)
    AV_PIX_FMT_YUV410P,   ///< planar YUV 4:1:0,  9bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 4x4 Y samples)
    AV_PIX_FMT_YUV411P,   ///< planar YUV 4:1:1, 12bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 4x1 Y samples)
    AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY8,     ///<        Y        ,  8bpp
    AV_PIX_FMT_MONOWHITE, ///<        Y        ,  1bpp, 0 is white, 1 is black, in each byte pixels are ordered from the msb to the lsb
    AV_PIX_FMT_MONOBLACK, ///<        Y        ,  1bpp, 0 is black, 1 is white, in each byte pixels are ordered from the msb to the lsb
    AV_PIX_FMT_PAL8,      ///< 8 bit with PIX_FMT_RGB32 palette
    AV_PIX_FMT_YUVJ420P,  ///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 12bpp, full scale (JPEG), deprecated in favor of PIX_FMT_YUV420P and setting color_range
    AV_PIX_FMT_YUVJ422P,  ///< planar YUV 4:2:2, 16bpp, full scale (JPEG), deprecated in favor of PIX_FMT_YUV422P and setting color_range
    AV_PIX_FMT_YUVJ444P,  ///< planar YUV 4:4:4, 24bpp, full scale (JPEG), deprecated in favor of PIX_FMT_YUV444P and setting color_range
    AV_PIX_FMT_XVMC_MPEG2_MC,///< XVideo Motion Acceleration via common packet passing
    AV_PIX_FMT_XVMC_MPEG2_IDCT,
    ...（代码太长，略）
}

const enum AVSampleFormat *sample_fmts; //支持的采样格式，仅音频

enum AVSampleFormat {
    AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NONE = -1,
    AV_SAMPLE_FMT_U8,          ///< unsigned 8 bits
    AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16,         ///< signed 16 bits
    AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S32,         ///< signed 32 bits
    AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLT,         ///< float
    AV_SAMPLE_FMT_DBL,         ///< double
 
    AV_SAMPLE_FMT_U8P,         ///< unsigned 8 bits, planar
    AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16P,        ///< signed 16 bits, planar
    AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S32P,        ///< signed 32 bits, planar
    AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLTP,        ///< float, planar
    AV_SAMPLE_FMT_DBLP,        ///< double, planar
 
    AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NB           ///< Number of sample formats. DO NOT USE if linking dynamically
};

每一个编解码器对应一个该结构体，查看一下ffmpeg的源代码，我们可以看一下H.264解码器的结构体如下所示（h264.c）：

AVCodec ff_h264_decoder = {
    .name                  = "h264",
    .long_name             = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL("H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 AVC / MPEG-4 part 10"),
    .type                  = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO,
    .id                    = AV_CODEC_ID_H264,
    .priv_data_size        = sizeof(H264Context),
    .init                  = h264_decode_init,
    .close                 = h264_decode_end,
    .decode                = h264_decode_frame,
    .capabilities          = /*AV_CODEC_CAP_DRAW_HORIZ_BAND |*/ AV_CODEC_CAP_DR1 |
                             AV_CODEC_CAP_DELAY | AV_CODEC_CAP_SLICE_THREADS |
                             AV_CODEC_CAP_FRAME_THREADS,
    .hw_configs            = (const AVCodecHWConfigInternal *const []) {
#if CONFIG_H264_DXVA2_HWACCEL
                               HWACCEL_DXVA2(h264),
#endif
#if CONFIG_H264_D3D11VA_HWACCEL
                               HWACCEL_D3D11VA(h264),
#endif
#if CONFIG_H264_D3D11VA2_HWACCEL
                               HWACCEL_D3D11VA2(h264),
#endif
#if CONFIG_H264_NVDEC_HWACCEL
                               HWACCEL_NVDEC(h264),
#endif
#if CONFIG_H264_VAAPI_HWACCEL
                               HWACCEL_VAAPI(h264),
#endif
#if CONFIG_H264_VDPAU_HWACCEL
                               HWACCEL_VDPAU(h264),
#endif
#if CONFIG_H264_VIDEOTOOLBOX_HWACCEL
                               HWACCEL_VIDEOTOOLBOX(h264),
#endif
                               NULL
                           },
    .caps_internal         = FF_CODEC_CAP_INIT_THREADSAFE | FF_CODEC_CAP_EXPORTS_CROPPING |
                             FF_CODEC_CAP_ALLOCATE_PROGRESS | FF_CODEC_CAP_INIT_CLEANUP,
    .flush                 = h264_decode_flush,
    .update_thread_context = ONLY_IF_THREADS_ENABLED(ff_h264_update_thread_context),
    .profiles              = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL(ff_h264_profiles),
    .priv_class            = &h264_class,
};

JPEG2000解码器结构体（j2kdec.c）

AVCodec ff_jpeg2000_decoder = {
    .name             = "jpeg2000",
    .long_name        = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL("JPEG 2000"),
    .type             = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO,
    .id               = AV_CODEC_ID_JPEG2000,
    .capabilities     = AV_CODEC_CAP_SLICE_THREADS | AV_CODEC_CAP_FRAME_THREADS | AV_CODEC_CAP_DR1,
    .priv_data_size   = sizeof(Jpeg2000DecoderContext),
    .init             = jpeg2000_decode_init,
    .decode           = jpeg2000_decode_frame,
    .priv_class       = &jpeg2000_class,
    .max_lowres       = 5,
    .profiles         = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL(ff_jpeg2000_profiles)
};

3、AVCodec关键函数

AVCodec结构体中的关键函数指针

    //将数据编码到AVPacket。
	int (*encode2)(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *avpkt, const AVFrame *frame, int *got_packet_ptr);
	//解码数据到AVPacket。
	int (*decode)(AVCodecContext *, void *outdata, int *outdata_size, AVPacket *avpkt);
	//关闭编解码器。
	int (*close)(AVCodecContext *);
	//刷新缓冲区。当seek时会被调用。
	void (*flush)(AVCodecContext *);