Codeforces-B.Soldier and Badges - Codeforces Round #304 (Div. 2)

                     B. Soldier and Badges
                   time limit per test3 seconds
                memory limit per test256 megabytes
                       inputstandard input
                      outputstandard output

Colonel has n badges. He wants to give one badge to every of his n soldiers. Each badge has a coolness factor, which shows how much it’s owner reached. Coolness factor can be increased by one for the cost of one coin.

For every pair of soldiers one of them should get a badge with strictly higher factor than the second one. Exact values of their factors aren’t important, they just need to have distinct factors.

Colonel knows, which soldier is supposed to get which badge initially, but there is a problem. Some of badges may have the same factor of coolness. Help him and calculate how much money has to be paid for making all badges have different factors of coolness.

Input
First line of input consists of one integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 3000).

Next line consists of n integers ai (1 ≤ ai ≤ n), which stand for coolness factor of each badge.

Output
Output single integer — minimum amount of coins the colonel has to pay.

Examples
input
4
1 3 1 4
output
1
input
5
1 2 3 2 5
output
2
Note
In first sample test we can increase factor of first badge by 1.

In second sample test we can increase factors of the second and the third badge by 1.
题解：对序列进行排序，因为数字只能增大或不变，为保证每个数都不一样，那么后一个一定要比前一个大，把每个数最少的增加量累加起来就是结果。

#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    int a[3010];
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        cin >> a[i];
    sort(a, a + n);
    int sumcoin = 0;
    int coin;        //coin为当前需要花费的最少金币个数
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
    {
        if (a[i-1] < a[i])
            coin = 0;
        else
        {
            coin = a[i-1] - a[i] + 1;
            a[i] += coin;
        }
        sumcoin += coin;
    }
    cout << sumcoin << endl;
    return 0;
}