Oracle 培训笔记 9.3 归档模式备份恢复

1、数据库置归档模式，设置归档路径

1.1 查询归档状态
SQL> select log_mode from v$database;

LOG_MODE
------------
NOARCHIVELOG

SQL> archive log list;
数据库日志模式             非存档模式
自动存档             禁用
存档终点            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
最早的联机日志序列     9
当前日志序列           11


1.2 置归档模式
SQL> shutdown immediate
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  251658240 bytes
Fixed Size                  1248356 bytes
Variable Size              79692700 bytes
Database Buffers          163577856 bytes
Redo Buffers                7139328 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database open;

设置非归档：alter database noarchivelog;

1.3 设置归档路径
SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_1                   string
log_archive_dest_10                  string
log_archive_dest_2                   string
log_archive_dest_3                   string
log_archive_dest_4                   string
log_archive_dest_5                   string
log_archive_dest_6                   string
log_archive_dest_7                   string
log_archive_dest_8                   string
log_archive_dest_9                   string

SQL> show parameter log_archive_min_succeed_dest

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_min_succeed_dest         integer     1

SQL> show parameter format

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_format                   string      ARC%S_%R.%T

SQL> alter system set log_archive_format='arc%S_%R_%d.%T' scope=spfile;

系统已更改。


设置归档路径
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=e:\arc1 mandatory';
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='location=e:\arc2 mandatory';
alter system set log_archive_dest_3='location=e:\arc3 optional';

alter system switch logfile;

使用闪回恢复区
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='';
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='';
alter system set log_archive_dest_3='';
alter system set log_archive_dest_10='location=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST';

1.4 备份数据库
冷备份：关闭数据库，备份数据文件、控制文件、参数文件


2、备份
冷备份

热备份
alter tablespace xxx begin backup;
物理拷贝
alter tablespace xxx end backup;

alter database begin backup;
物理拷贝
alter database end backup;

alter tablespace users begin backup;

3、完全恢复
3.1 模拟数据变化，切换日志
insert into t01 values(40);
commit;
alter system switch logfile;

insert into t01 values(50);
commit;
alter system switch logfile;

insert into t01 values(60);
commit;
alter system switch logfile;

insert into t01 values(70);
commit;
alter system switch logfile;


SQL> shutdown immediate
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。

删除数据文件users01.dbf

SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  251658240 bytes
Fixed Size                  1248356 bytes
Variable Size              79692700 bytes
Database Buffers          163577856 bytes
Redo Buffers                7139328 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
ORA-01157: 无法标识/锁定数据文件 4 - 请参阅 DBWR 跟踪文件
ORA-01110: 数据文件 4: 'E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\MYDB\USERS01.DBF'

还原数据文件user01.dbf

SQL> select * from v$recover_file;

     FILE# ONLINE  ONLINE_ ERROR                                                                CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------- ------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- --------------
         4 ONLINE  ONLINE                                                                        213083 03-9月 -11

SQL> select * from v$recovery_log;

   THREAD#  SEQUENCE# TIME
---------- ---------- --------------
ARCHIVE_NAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

         1         15 03-9月 -11
E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\MYDB\ARCHIVELOG\2011_09_03\O1_MF_1_15_763HHZ1G_.ARC

         1         16 03-9月 -11
E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\MYDB\ARCHIVELOG\2011_09_03\O1_MF_1_16_763HHZKL_.ARC


SQL> recover datafile 4;
ORA-00279: 更改 213083 (在 09/03/2011 13:39:09 生成) 对于线程 1 是必需的
ORA-00289: 建议: E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\MYDB\ARCHIVELOG\2011_09_03\O1_MF_1_15_%U_.ARC
ORA-00280: 更改 213083 (用于线程 1) 在序列 #15 中


指定日志: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

ORA-00308: 无法打开归档日志 'E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\MYDB\ARCHIVELOG\2011_09_03\O1_MF_1_15_763HHZ1G_.ARC'
ORA-27041: 无法打开文件
OSD-04002: 无法打开文件
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。


SQL>
SQL> recover datafile 4;
ORA-00279: 更改 213083 (在 09/03/2011 13:39:09 生成) 对于线程 1 是必需的
ORA-00289: 建议: E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\MYDB\ARCHIVELOG\2011_09_03\O1_MF_1_15_%U_.ARC
ORA-00280: 更改 213083 (用于线程 1) 在序列 #15 中


指定日志: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
d:\1_15_763HHZ1G_.ARC
ORA-00279: 更改 213171 (在 09/03/2011 13:41:18 生成) 对于线程 1 是必需的
ORA-00289: 建议: E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\MYDB\ARCHIVELOG\2011_09_03\O1_MF_1_16_%U_.ARC
ORA-00280: 更改 213171 (用于线程 1) 在序列 #16 中
ORA-00278: 此恢复不再需要日志文件 'd:\1_15_763HHZ1G_.ARC'


指定日志: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
d:\O1_MF_1_16_763HHZKL_.ARC
已应用的日志。
完成介质恢复。
SQL> alter database open;

数据库已更改。

3.2 在线恢复数据文件
alter tablespace users offline;
还原数据文件
恢复数据文件
alter tablespace users online;

system、undo表空间必须在mounted状态恢复

3.3 闪回恢复区监控
select * from v$recovery_file_dest;
select * from v$flash_recovery_area_usage;

3.4 控制文件损坏恢复
数据库发生结构性变化时及时备份。（表空间、数据文件增删）
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to 'd:\control.ctl';

1）部分控制文件损坏
复制存在的文件，再打开数据库

2）控制文件全部损坏
情况1：有备份
关闭数据库
删除所有控制文件
还原控制文件
启动数据库到mounted状态
恢复数据库 recover database using backup controlfile;
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 205641 generated at 09/03/2011 11:52:37 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\MYDB\ARCHIVELOG\2011_09_03\O1_MF_1_

15_%U_.ARC
ORA-00280: change 205641 for thread 1 is in sequence #15


Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
d:\1_15_763HHZ1G_.ARC
ORA-00279: change 213171 generated at 09/03/2011 13:41:18 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\MYDB\ARCHIVELOG\2011_09_03\O1_MF_1_

16_%U_.ARC
ORA-00280: change 213171 for thread 1 is in sequence #16
ORA-00278: log file 'd:\1_15_763HHZ1G_.ARC' no longer needed for this recovery


Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
d:\O1_MF_1_16_763HHZKL_.ARC
ORA-00279: change 213175 generated at 09/03/2011 13:41:19 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\MYDB\ARCHIVELOG\2011_09_03\O1_MF_1_

17_%U_.ARC
ORA-00280: change 213175 for thread 1 is in sequence #17
ORA-00278: log file 'd:\O1_MF_1_16_763HHZKL_.ARC' no longer needed for this
recovery


Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
E:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\mydb\redo02.log
ORA-00279: change 213180 generated at 09/03/2011 13:41:23 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\MYDB\ARCHIVELOG\2011_09_03\O1_MF_1_

18_%U_.ARC
ORA-00280: change 213180 for thread 1 is in sequence #18
ORA-00278: log file 'E:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\mydb\redo02.log' no
longer needed for this recovery


Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
E:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\mydb\redo03.log
ORA-00279: change 213184 generated at 09/03/2011 13:41:24 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\MYDB\ARCHIVELOG\2011_09_03\O1_MF_1_

19_%U_.ARC
ORA-00280: change 213184 for thread 1 is in sequence #19
ORA-00278: log file 'E:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\mydb\redo03.log' no
longer needed for this recovery


Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
E:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\mydb\redo01.log
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
打开数据库 alter database open resetlogs;


情况2：没有备份
手动编写控制文件创建脚本（alter database backup controlfile to trace）
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "MYDB" RESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 'E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\MYDB\REDO01.LOG'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 2 'E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\MYDB\REDO02.LOG'  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 3 'E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\MYDB\REDO03.LOG'  SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
  'E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\MYDB\SYSTEM01.DBF',
  'E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\MYDB\UNDOTBS01.DBF',
  'E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\MYDB\SYSAUX01.DBF',
  'E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\MYDB\USERS01.DBF'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;

启动数据库到nomount状态
执行上面的创建脚本
打开数据库 alter database open resetlogs;

3.5 日志文件损坏恢复
SQL> shutdown immediate

删除所有在线日志

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  251658240 bytes
Fixed Size                  1248356 bytes
Variable Size              79692700 bytes
Database Buffers          163577856 bytes
Redo Buffers                7139328 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1:
'E:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\MYDB\REDO01.LOG'

清非当前日志组，重建
SQL> alter database clear logfile group 1;
SQL> alter database clear logfile group 3;
如果非当前日志组没有完成归档，使用
SQL> alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1;

如果是current状态日志，上述方法不能清除
SQL> recover database until cancel;

打开数据库
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

recover database until cancel;
(在线日志都损坏，做数据库恢复但是归档日志部分丢失)

4、不完全恢复

4.1 关闭数据库，做数据库全备份
SQL> shutdown immediate
全备份数据库
SQL> startup

4.2 模拟变化，做不完全恢复
SQL> select * from t01;

        ID
----------
        10
        20
        30
        40
        50
        60
        70

7 rows selected.

SQL> select dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number from dual;

GET_SYSTEM_CHANGE_NUMBER
------------------------
                  224410

SQL> insert into t01 values(80);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number from dual;

GET_SYSTEM_CHANGE_NUMBER
------------------------
                  224423

SQL> insert into t01 values(90);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number from dual;

GET_SYSTEM_CHANGE_NUMBER
------------------------
                  224431

SQL> shutdown immediate

还原所有的数据文件

SQL> startup mount
SQL> recover database until change 224423;

基于时间：  recover database until time '2011-09-03 15:55:10';

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

SQL> select * from t01;

        ID
----------
        10
        20
        30
        40
        50
        60
        70
        80

4.3 借助logmnr，实现不完全恢复
参数设置
shutdown immediate
startup mount
alter database force logging;
alter database add supplemental log data;
alter system set utl_file_dir='d:\logmnr' scope=spfile;
shutdown immediate;
startup;

备份数据库
shutdown immediate;
全备份
startup;

模拟变化
insert into t01 values(90);
commit;
alter system switch logfile;

insert into t01 values(100);
commit;
alter system switch logfile;

insert into t01 values(110);
commit;
alter system switch logfile;

insert into t01 values(120);
commit;
alter system switch logfile;

insert into t01 values(130);
commit;
alter system switch logfile;

恢复到数据110前，借助logmnr查
--生成数据字典
begin
dbms_logmnr_d.build(dictionary_filename =>'dict.ora',dictionary_location =>'d:\logmnr');
end;

--增加要挖掘的日志
begin
dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName => 'd:\O1_MF_1_2_763QZ2X9_.ARC',Options =>dbms_logmnr.NEW);
dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName => 'd:\O1_MF_1_3_763QZ43F_.ARC',Options =>dbms_logmnr.ADDFILE);
end;

select * from v$logmnr_logs;

--挖掘日志
begin
dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(DictFileName =>'d:\logmnr\dict.ora');
end;

--结束
begin
dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr;
end;

--查看
select * from v$logmnr_contents where table_name='T01'
228625

做不完全恢复
shutdown immediate
还原所有数据文件
startup mount
recover database until change 228625;
alter database open resetlogs;

【注意】每次resetlogs后必须备份数据库