Python高级 元类 （小白进阶）

元类

class ObjectCreator(object):    
    name = "haha"    
    pass




my_object = ObjectCreator()
print(my_object)

def echo(cls):
    print(cls)
    
    
print(echo(ObjectCreator))    
#  类对象可以实例化实例对象


# 第二种 用type

def print_self(cls):
    



A = type("A", (), {})

# 参1 是元类的名字,    参2 元组 是 继承于 什么类,   参3 字典    设置 类属性,  类方法,   

自定义元类

#       方法1
class Upper_attr(type):
    def new(cls, class_name, class_parents, class_attr):

    #   class_name   类的名字
    #   class_parents   类所继承的属性
    #   class_attr      类的属性
    
    # 创建一个新的字典
    new_dict = {}   
    
    # 遍历  旧的字典,   在新的字典 存放为key为大写的,  键值对
    for name, value in class_attr.items():
        # 如果不是__开头的属性,  就修改key为大写
        if not name.statswith("__"):
            new_dict[name.upper()] = value
    
    return type(class_name, class_parents, new_dict)
    



# 方法2
def upper_attr(class_name, class_parents, class_attr):
    #   class_name   类的名字
    #   class_parents   类所继承的属性
    #   class_attr      类的属性
    
    # 创建一个新的字典
    new_dict = {}   
    
    # 遍历  旧的字典,   在新的字典 存放为key为大写的,  键值对
    for name, value in class_attr.items():
        # 如果不是__开头的属性,  就修改key为大写
        if not name.statswith("__"):
            new_dict[name.upper()] = value
    
    return type(class_name, class_parents, new_dict)
    
    
    
class Foo(object, metaclass=upper_attr):
    bar = "bip"

总结

__getattribute__和__getattr__都是对访问属性时的特殊操作

• __getattr__只针对未定义属性的调用
• __getattribute__针对所有的属性运行

描述符

class MyDecriptor:
    def __get__(self, instance, owner)
        print("get called")
        
    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        print("set called")
        
    def __delete__(self, instance):
        print("delete called")
        
        
class Foo:
    attr = MyDescriptor()
    

设置 复制不为零

class NonNegative:
    def __init__(self, num):
        self.num = num
        
    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
        return self.num
        
    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        ifvalue<0:
            raise ValueError("数值不能为零")
            

class Movie:
    rating = NonNegative(0)
    budget = NonNegative(0)
    gross = NonNegative(0)
    
    def __init__(self, title, rating, budget, gross):
        self.title = title
        self.rating = rating
        self.budget = budget
        self.gross = gross
        
        
        
 movie = Movie("战狼", 10, 100, 1000)
 
     

描述符1

class C:
    y = 2
    def __init__(self, x):
        self.x = x
        
    def func(self):
        print(self.x)
        
   # def __set__(self, value):
   
   
c = C()

# 获取   类 属性
print(type(c).__dict__)


# 获取   实例  属性
print(c.__dict__)   # 字典

# 也可以用  vars函数
print(vars(c))      # {'x': 2}

类方法 的描述符

class MyClassmethod:
    def __init__(self, func):
        self.func = func
        
    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
        def call(*args, **kargs):
            self.func(owner, *args, **kargs):
            
        return call
    

class A:
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = "秀儿"
        
    @myclassmethod
    def sum(cls, num)
        pirnt("cls ----"num)
        
        
        
        
        
a = A()        
a.sum()