改写for语句提升执行性能

摘录自nodejs官方说明，由于nodejs提倡“one thread for many clients”，所以对如下语句，当执行n大的时候会产生block，减小QPS

for (let i = 0; i < n; i++)
  sum += i;
let avg = sum / n;
console.log('avg: ' + avg);

官方给的如下代码可以解决这种问题可以将O(n) 变成单个O(1)，同时闭包的作用也能体现

function asyncAvg(n, avgCB) {
  // Save ongoing sum in JS closure.
  var sum = 0;
  function help(i, cb) {
    sum += i;
    if (i == n) {
      cb(sum);
      return;
    }

    // "Asynchronous recursion".
    // Schedule next operation asynchronously.
    setImmediate(help.bind(null, i+1, cb));
  }

  // Start the helper, with CB to call avgCB.
  help(1, function(sum){
      var avg = sum/n;
      avgCB(avg);
  });
}

asyncAvg(n, function(avg){
  console.log('avg of 1-n: ' + avg);
});