读官网学编程-C# struct与class

struct与class啥区别？怎么用，何时用

区别：C# types的两个主要类型分类，c++的人应该会知道时刻都会操心 函数的出入参数进入函数后是复制了一份还是引用了一份，返回之后是新指针还是原指针。C# 对class是引用，对值是拷贝，这种方式下简化了思考负担

By default, on assignment, passing an argument to a method, and returning a method result, variable values are copied

using System;

public struct MutablePoint
{
    public int X;
    public int Y;

    public MutablePoint(int x, int y) => (X, Y) = (x, y);

    public override string ToString() => $"({X}, {Y})";
}


public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var p1 = new MutablePoint(1, 2);
        //todo 如何被传递
        var p2 = p1;
        p2.Y = 200;
        Console.WriteLine($"{nameof(p1)} after {nameof(p2)} is modified: {p1}");
        Console.WriteLine($"{nameof(p2)}: {p2}");
        //todo 如何做入参
        MutateAndDisplay(p2);
        Console.WriteLine($"{nameof(p2)} after passing to a method: {p2}");
    }

    private static void MutateAndDisplay(MutablePoint p)
    {
        p.X = 100;
        Console.WriteLine($"Point mutated in a method: {p}");
    }
}
// Expected output:
// p1 after p2 is modified: (1, 2)
// p2: (1, 200)
// Point mutated in a method: (100, 200)
// p2 after passing to a method: (1, 200)

Value types - C# reference | Microsoft Docs

常见的定义汇总：

public struct Coords
{
    public Coords(double x, double y)
    {
        X = x;
        Y = y;
    }

    public double X { get; }
    public double Y { get; }

    public override string ToString() => $"({X}, {Y})";
}

// 注意readonly
public readonly struct Coords
{
    public Coords(double x, double y)
    {
        X = x;
        Y = y;
    }

    public double X { get; init; }
    public double Y { get; init; }

    public override string ToString() => $"({X}, {Y})";
}

// 注意ref
public ref struct CustomRef
{
    public bool IsValid;
    public Span<int> Inputs;
    public Span<int> Outputs;
}

// 哈哈 ref + readonly
public readonly ref struct ConversionRequest
{
    public ConversionRequest(double rate, ReadOnlySpan<double> values)
    {
        Rate = rate;
        Values = values;
    }

    public double Rate { get; }
    public ReadOnlySpan<double> Values { get; }
}


public record struct Point
{
    public double X {  get; init; }
    public double Y {  get; init; }
    public double Z {  get; init; }
} 

感兴趣可以仔细阅读官网文档，我只

Structure types - C# reference | Microsoft Docs