python 列表推导式

python列表推导式

>>> aList = [x*x for x in range(10)]

相当于:

>>> aList = []
>>>for x in range(10):
...    aList.append(x*x)

下面通过几个事例来进一步展示列表推导式的强大功能

1.使用列表推导式实现嵌套列表的平铺

>>> vec = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
>>> [num for elem in vec for num in elem]
[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

2.过滤不符合条件的元素

>>> aList = [-1,-4,6,7.5,-2.3,9,-11]
>>> [i for i in aList if i>0]
[6,7.5,9]

3.在列表推导式中使用多个循环,实现多序列元素的任意组合,并且可以结合条件语句过滤特定元素

>>> [(x,y) for x in [1,2,3] for y in [3,1,4] if x!=y]
[(1,3),(1,4),(2,3),(2,1),(2,4),(3,1),(3,4)]

4.使用列表推导式实现矩阵转置

>>> matrix = [[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12]]
>>> [[row[i] for row in matrix] for i in range(4)]
[[1,5,9],[2,6,10],[3,7,11],[4,8,12]]

上例不太好懂，可以琢磨一下

5.使用列表推导式生成100以内的素数

>>> [p for p in range(2,100) if 0 not in [p%d for d in range(2,int(sqrt(p))+1)]]
>>> [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97]

熟练使用列表推导式，可以写出更加简洁优美的python代码。