C#静态成员初始化问题

本文是为了说明在C#中静态成员的调用与初始化问题，仅供大家参考。

先从一个简单的小程序开始：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
namespace teststatic
{
    class A{
       public static int i;
        static A()
        {
           Console.WriteLine("static statement in A");
         
        }
        public A()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("construction A");
        }
        ~A()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("destroy instance by ~A()");
        }
    }
    class B
    {
        public static int i;
        public A a = new A();
        static B()
        {
           Console.WriteLine("static statement in B");
           A.i++;
        }
        
        public B()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("construction B");
        }
         ~B()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("destroy instance by ~B()");
        }
    }
    class C
    {
        public B b;
        static C()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("static construction in C");
            A.i++;
            B.i++;
        }
 
        public C()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("construction in class C");
            b = new B();
        }
         ~C()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("destroy instance by ~C()");
        }
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("main in class C");
            B.i++;
            A.i++;
            C c = new C();
            Console.WriteLine("int put a string :");
           
            string s = Console.ReadLine();
            Console.WriteLine("begin GC");
            GC.Collect();
            Thread.Sleep(2000);
            Console.WriteLine("end GC");
            Console.WriteLine("int put a string :");

            s = Console.ReadLine();
            Console.WriteLine("A.i = "+A.i+"/t B.i = "+B.i);
        }
    }
   
   
}


static construction in C
static statement in A
static statement in B
main in class C
construction in class C
construction A
construction B
int put a string :
a
begin GC
end GC
int put a string :
b
A.i = 3  B.i = 2
destroy instance by ~A()
destroy instance by ~B()
destroy instance by ~C()
続行するには何かキーを押してください . . .

以上结果证明：
　　１，类Ｃ中有Ｂ的一个对象作为成员变量，当实例化Ｃ的时侯，Ｂ先被实例化
　　２，消毁一个C的对象的时侯，先调用作为成员变量的Ｂ的析构函数，再调用Ｃ的析构函数
　
为了测试静态成员是在类加载的时侯初始化的又做一测试程序：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
namespace teststatic
{
    class A{
       public static int i;
        static A()
        {
           Console.WriteLine("static statement in A");
         
        }
        public A()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("construction A");
        }
        ~A()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("destroy instance by ~A()");
        }
    }
    class B
    {
        public static int i;
       // public A a = new A();
        static B()
        {
           Console.WriteLine("static statement in B");
          
        }
        
        public B()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("construction B");
        }
         ~B()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("destroy instance by ~B()");
        }
    }
    class C
    {
      //  public B b;
        static C()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("static construction in C");

        }
 
        public C()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("construction in class C");
        //    b = new B();
        }
         ~C()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("destroy instance by ~C()");
        }
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("main in class C");
            B.i++;
            A.i++;
         //   C c = new C();
            Console.WriteLine("int put a string :");
           
            string s = Console.ReadLine();
            Console.WriteLine("begin GC");
            GC.Collect();
            Thread.Sleep(2000);
            Console.WriteLine("end GC");
            Console.WriteLine("int put a string :");

            s = Console.ReadLine();
            Console.WriteLine("A.i = "+A.i+"/t B.i = "+B.i);
        }
    }
   
}

运行结果如下：

static construction in C
main in class C
static statement in B
static statement in A
int put a string :
d
begin GC
end GC
int put a string :
d
A.i = 1  B.i = 1
続行するには何かキーを押してください . . .

此结果证明，静态成员和静态构造函数是在类加载的时侯调用的。那么什么时侯才加载类呢？
目前我只知道三种：
1, 当new 一个类的对象的时侯
2, 类名.成员调用类的静态成员的时侯
3, 创建类的子类的时侯

 

最后有一个问题：类的静态成员变量是在什么时侯被GC回收的呢？

      本人理解是在进程结束的时侯，不是类的对象被回收的时侯。因为当一个类没有实例化的时侯也能调用它的静态成员变量。

本人正在学习中，希望各位指正.