RabbitMQ 配置死信队列

1.什么是死信

“死信”是RabbitMQ中的一种消息机制，当你在消费消息时，如果队列里的消息出现以下情况：

• 消息被否定确认，使用 channel.basicNack 或 channel.basicReject ，并且此时requeue 属性被设置为false。
• 消息在队列的存活时间超过设置的TTL时间。
• 消息队列的消息数量已经超过最大队列长度。
  那么该消息将成为“死信”。

“死信”消息会被RabbitMQ进行特殊处理，如果配置了死信队列信息，那么该消息将会被丢进死信队列中，如果没有配置，则该消息将会被丢弃。

2. 配置

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: localhost
    username: admin
    password: admin
    listener:
      simple:
        default-requeue-rejected: false
        acknowledge-mode: manual

3.配置队列

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Configuration
public class RabbitMqConfiguration {

    public static final String DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE = "dead.letter.exchange";

    public static final String DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE = "dead.letter.queue";

    public static final String DEAD_LETTER_ROUTING_KEY = "dead.letter.routingKey";

    public static final String EXCHANGE = "exchange";

    public static final String QUEUE = "queue";

    public static final String ROUTING_KEY = "routingKey";

    /**
     * 配置死信交换器
     */
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange deadLetterExchange() {
        return new DirectExchange(DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);
    }

    /**
     * 配置死信队列
     */
    @Bean
    public Queue deadLetterQueue() {
        return new Queue(DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE);
    }

    /**
     * 死信队列绑定
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public Binding deadLetterBinding() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(deadLetterQueue())
                .to(deadLetterExchange())
                .with(DEAD_LETTER_ROUTING_KEY);
    }

    /**
     * 业务交换器
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange businessExchange() {
        return new DirectExchange(EXCHANGE);
    }

    /**
     * 业务队列
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public Queue businessQueue() {
        Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>(2);
        // 配置当前队列绑定的死信交换器
        args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_LETTER_EXCHANGE);
        // 配置当前队列的死信队列路由key，如果不设置默认为当前队列的路由key
        args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", DEAD_LETTER_ROUTING_KEY);
        return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE).withArguments(args).build();
    }

    /**
     * 业务队列绑定
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public Binding queueBinding() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(businessQueue())
                .to(businessExchange())
                .with(ROUTING_KEY);
    }

}

4.消息接收者

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.io.IOException;

@Component
public class RabbitmqReceiver {

    @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitMqConfiguration.DEAD_LETTER_QUEUE)
    public void deadLetterMsgReceive(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("收到死信消息：" + new String(message.getBody()));
        channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
    }

    @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitMqConfiguration.QUEUE)
    public void buinessMsgReceive(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
        String msg = new String(message.getBody());
        System.out.println("收到消息：" + msg);
        if (msg.startsWith("false")) {
            System.out.println("消费失败：" + msg);
            channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false, false);
        } else {
            channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }
    }
}

5. 消息发送者

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class RabbitmqSender {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public void sendBuinessMsg(String msg) {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMqConfiguration.EXCHANGE,
                RabbitMqConfiguration.ROUTING_KEY, msg);
    }

}