方式一:采用ServletContext读取
获取配置文件的realpath,然后通过文件流读取出来或者通过方法getReasurceAsStream()。
因为是用ServletContext读取文件路径,所以配置文件可以放入在WEB-INF的classes目录中,也可以在应用层级及WEB-INF的目录中。文件存放位置具体在eclipse工程中的表现是:可以放在src下面,也可放在WEB-INF及Web-Root下面等。因为是读取出路径后,用文件流进行读取的,所以可以读取任意的配置文件包括xml和properties。缺点:不能在servlet外面应用读取配置信息。
1.首先创建一个动态的javaweb项目,项目目录如下:
2.创建一个servlet(FileReader.java)
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- package com.xia.fileReader;
- import java.io.FileInputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.io.InputStreamReader;
- import java.text.MessageFormat;
- import java.util.Properties;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- public class FileReader extends HttpServlet {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- /**
- * response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");目的是控制浏览器用UTF-8进行解码;
- * 这样就不会出现中文乱码了
- */
- response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
- readSrcDirPropCfgFile(response);//读取src目录下的db1.properties配置文件
- response.getWriter().println("<hr/>");
- readWebRootDirPropCfgFile(response);//读取WebRoot目录下的db2.properties配置文件
- response.getWriter().println("<hr/>");
- readSrcSourcePackPropCfgFile(response);//读取src目录下的config目录中的db3.properties配置文件
- response.getWriter().println("<hr/>");
- readWEBINFPropCfgFile(response);//读取WEB-INF目录下的JDBC目录中的db4.properties配置文件
- }
- public void readSrcDirPropCfgFile(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
- String path = "/WEB-INF/classes/db1.properties";
- InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream(path);
- Properties props = new Properties();
- props.load(in);
- String driver = props.getProperty("jdbc.driver");
- String url = props.getProperty("jdbc.url");
- String username = props.getProperty("jdbc.username");
- String password = props.getProperty("jdbc.password");
- response.getWriter().println("读取src目录下的db1.properties配置文件");
- response.getWriter().println(MessageFormat.format( "driver={0},url={1},username={2},password={3}",
- driver,url, username, password));
- }
- public void readWebRootDirPropCfgFile(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException{
- String path = "/db2.properties";
- InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream(path);
- Properties props = new Properties();
- props.load(in);
- String driver = props.getProperty("jdbc.driver");
- String url = props.getProperty("jdbc.url");
- String username = props.getProperty("jdbc.username");
- String password = props.getProperty("jdbc.password");
- response.getWriter().println("读取WebRoot目录下的db2.properties配置文件");
- response.getWriter().println(MessageFormat.format( "driver={0},url={1},username={2},password={3}",
- driver,url, username, password));
- }
- public void readSrcSourcePackPropCfgFile(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
- String path = "/WEB-INF/classes/config/db3.properties";
- String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath(path);
- InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(realPath),"UTF-8");
- Properties props = new Properties();
- props.load(reader);
- String driver = props.getProperty("jdbc.driver");
- String url = props.getProperty("jdbc.url");
- String username = props.getProperty("jdbc.username");
- String password = props.getProperty("jdbc.password");
- response.getWriter().println("读取src目录下的config目录中的db3.properties配置文件");
- response.getWriter().println(MessageFormat.format( "driver={0},url={1},username={2},password={3}",
- driver,url, username, password));
- }
- public void readWEBINFPropCfgFile(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
- String path = "/WEB-INF/JDBC/db4.properties";
- String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath(path);
- System.out.println("realPath:"+realPath);
- System.out.println("contextPath:"+this.getServletContext().getContextPath());
- InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(realPath),"UTF-8");
- Properties props = new Properties();
- props.load(reader);
- String driver = props.getProperty("jdbc.driver");
- String url = props.getProperty("jdbc.url");
- String username = props.getProperty("jdbc.username");
- String password = props.getProperty("jdbc.password");
- response.getWriter().println("读取WEB-INF目录下的JDBC目录中的db4.properties配置文件");
- response.getWriter().println(MessageFormat.format( "driver={0},url={1},username={2},password={3}",
- driver,url, username, password));
- }
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
- }
- }
3.配置servlet(web.xml)
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- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
- <display-name>javaReaderFile</display-name>
- <welcome-file-list>
- <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
- <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
- <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
- <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
- <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
- <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
- </welcome-file-list>
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>FileReader</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>com.xia.fileReader.FileReader</servlet-class>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>FileReader</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/FileReader</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- </web-app>
4.测试
方式二:采用ResourceBundle类读取配置信息
优点是:可以以完全限定类名的方式加载资源后,直接的读取出来,且可以在非Web应用中读取资源文件。
缺点:只能加载类src下面的资源文件且只能读取.properties文件。
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- /**
- * 获取指定配置文件中所有的数据
- * @param propertyName
- * 调用方式:
- * 1.配置文件放在resource源包下,不用加后缀
- * PropertiesUtil.getAllMessage("message");
- * 2.放在包里面的
- * PropertiesUtil.getAllMessage("com.test.message");
- * @return
- */
- public static List<String> getAllMessage(String propertyName) {
- // 获得资源包
- ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle(propertyName.trim());
- // 通过资源包拿到所有的key
- Enumeration<String> allKey = rb.getKeys();
- // 遍历key 得到 value
- List<String> valList = new ArrayList<String>();
- while (allKey.hasMoreElements()) {
- String key = allKey.nextElement();
- String value = (String) rb.getString(key);
- valList.add(value);
- }
- return valList;
- }
方式三:采用ClassLoader方式进行读取配置信息
优点是:可以在非Web应用中读取配置资源信息,可以读取任意的资源文件信息
缺点:只能加载类src下面的资源文件,不适合装载大文件,否则会导致jvm内存溢出
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- package com.xia.fileReader;
- import java.io.BufferedReader;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.io.InputStreamReader;
- import java.util.Properties;
- public class ReadByClassLoader {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
- readPropFileByClassLoad();
- }
- public static void readPropFileByClassLoad() throws IOException{
- //读取src下面config包内的配置文件db3.properties
- InputStream in = ReadByClassLoader.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config/db3.properties");
- BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
- Properties props = new Properties();
- props.load(br);
- for(Object s: props.keySet()){
- System.out.println(s+":"+props.getProperty(s.toString()));
- }
- }
- }
方式四: PropertiesLoaderUtils工具类
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- /**
- * Spring 提供的 PropertiesLoaderUtils 允许您直接通过基于类路径的文件地址加载属性资源
- * 最大的好处就是:实时加载配置文件,修改后立即生效,不必重启
- */
- private static void springUtil(){
- Properties props = new Properties();
- while(true){
- try {
- props=PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadAllProperties("message.properties");
- for(Object key:props.keySet()){
- System.out.print(key+":");
- System.out.println(props.get(key));
- }
- } catch (IOException e) {
- System.out.println(e.getMessage());
- }
- try {Thread.sleep(5000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}
- }
- }
修改Properties
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- /**
- * 传递键值对的Map,更新properties文件
- *
- * @param fileName
- * 文件名(放在resource源包目录下),需要后缀
- * @param keyValueMap
- * 键值对Map
- */
- public static void updateProperties(String fileName,Map<String, String> keyValueMap) {
- //getResource方法使用了utf-8对路径信息进行了编码,当路径中存在中文和空格时,他会对这些字符进行转换,这样,
- //得到的往往不是我们想要的真实路径,在此,调用了URLDecoder的decode方法进行解码,以便得到原始的中文及空格路径。
- String filePath = PropertiesUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResource(fileName).getFile();
- Properties props = null;
- BufferedWriter bw = null;
- try {
- filePath = URLDecoder.decode(filePath,"utf-8");
- log.debug("updateProperties propertiesPath:" + filePath);
- props = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(new ClassPathResource(fileName));
- log.debug("updateProperties old:"+props);
- // 写入属性文件
- bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(filePath)));
- props.clear();// 清空旧的文件
- for (String key : keyValueMap.keySet())
- props.setProperty(key, keyValueMap.get(key));
- log.debug("updateProperties new:"+props);
- props.store(bw, "");
- } catch (IOException e) {
- log.error(e.getMessage());
- } finally {
- try {
- bw.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }