学习django第一天

    很少写博客，之前工作中曾经用过一段时间django框架，后来基本忘记了，所以今天开始打算，从头再过一遍，开始学习django框架。

    首先说明开发环境python3.6+django2.2+mysql5.7，版本不同有些地方配置可能不一样，百度一下基本都可以解决问题，环境安装很简单不过多叙述。

一、用命令创建一个django项目，项目名称为SchoolManagementProject。

django-admin startproject SchoolManagementProject

二、切换到该目录下，命令行创建一个应用myApp,命令行如下：python manage.py startapp myApp。（这两步如果遇到错误可以百度解决很简单）

三、创建个名为shool的数据库（名字随意，后面保持统一就好）

四、打开pycharm，修改SchoolManagementProject目录下settings.py文件，在INSTALL_APPS的代码段下新增myApp以及修改DATABASES代码段为

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'myApp',
]

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'school',
        'USER':'root',
        'PASSWORD':'你的密码',
        'HOST':'127.0.0.1',
        'PORT':'3306'
    }
}

五、

在models文件下新建数据库关联类，Grades和Students

 

class Grades(models.Model): 
    class Meta:
        db_table = "grades"
        ordering = ["id"]
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)    
    girlnum = models.IntegerField()    
    boynum = models.IntegerField()    
    isDelete = models.BooleanField(default=False)
class Students(models.Model):    
    class Meta:
        db_table = "students"
        ordering = ["id"]
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)    
    gender = models.BooleanField()    
    age = models.IntegerField()    
    contend = models.CharField(max_length=40)    
    isDelete = models.BooleanField(default= False)    
    #外键关联    
    grade = models.ForeignKey("Grades", on_delete=models.CASCADE)

六、

在SchoolManagementProject文件夹下的__init__.py文件里新增如下代码

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

七、

执行如下命令生成迁移文件：python manage.py makemigrations

八、

执行如下命令生成表：python manage.py migrate

九、

使用如下命令创建后台管理用户：python manage.py createsuperuser

十、

修改settings文件的这两行如下：

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

 十一、

在myApp的admin.py文件下新增如下代码

from myApp.models import Grades,Students
class StudentsInLine(admin.TabularInline):
    model = Students
    extra = 2
@admin.register(Grades)
class GradesAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    inlines = [StudentsInLine]
    list_display = ["pk", "name", "girlnum", "boynum", "isDelete"]
# admin.site.register(Grades,GradesAdmin)

@admin.register(Students)
class StudentsAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    def gender_handler(self):
        if self.gender:
            return "男"
        return "女"
    gender_handler.short_description = "性别"
    def name_handler(self):
        return self.name
    name_handler.short_description = "姓名"
    def age_handler(self):
        return self.age
    age_handler.short_description = "年龄"
    def contend_handler(self):
        return self.contend
    contend_handler.short_description = "描述"
    def grade_handler(self):
        return self.grade
    grade_handler.short_description = "班级"
    def isDelete_handler(self):
        if self.isDelete:
            return "是"
        return "否"
    isDelete_handler.short_description = "是否删除"
    # 执行动作的位置
    actions_on_top = False
    actions_on_bottom = True
    # 列表页属性
    list_display = ["pk", name_handler, gender_handler, age_handler, contend_handler, grade_handler, isDelete_handler]
    list_filter = ["grade"]
    search_fields = ["name"]
    list_per_page = 4
    # 添加、修改页属性
    # fields = ["name", "age", "gender", "grade", "contend", "isDelete"]
    fieldsets = [
        ("base", {"fields":["name", "age", "gender"]}),
        ("more", {"fields":["grade", "contend", "isDelete"]})
    ]

十二，在数据库中插入数据，然后输入命令python manage.py runserver 启动程序，打开浏览器，输入 127.0.0.1/admin 可以打开后台页面，因为此时直接输入127.0.0.1 展示django的欢迎界面